Association of physical activity on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Korean population (from the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2008–2011)

Table 1 Subject characteristics according to physical activity levels

	Low (n = 5309) (20.2%)	Moderate (n = 11,997) (45.6%)	High (n = 8988) (34.2%)	P-value
Age (years)	^a53 ± 17	^b49 ± 16	^b49 ± 15	0.001
Male	1951 (36.7)	4651 (38.8)	4611 (51.3)	0.001
Hypertension	2099 (39.5)	4155 (34.6)	3142 (35.0)	0.001
Diabetes mellitus	669 (12.6)	1302 (10.9)	1074 (11.9)	0.002
Dyslipidemia	488 (9.2)	1168 (9.7)	821 (9.1)	0.283
Current smoker	1573 (29.6)	3471 (28.9)	3431 (38.1)	0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	^a120 ± 18	^b118 ± 18	^c119 ± 17	0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	^a76 ± 11	^b76 ± 11	^b77 ± 11	0.001
Resting heart rate	^a71 ± 10	^a70 ± 9	^b69 ± 9	0.001
Hemoglobin (mg/dl)	^a13.7 ± 1.6	^a13.8 ± 1.6	^b14.1 ± 1.6	0.002
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.8 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.2	0.323
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	^a99.1 ± 26.9	^b97.5 ± 22.4	^b97.9 ± 22.8	0.001
25 (OH) vitamin D₃ (ng/mL)	^a17.5 ± 6.5	^b17.9 ± 6.5	^c19.5 ± 7.0	0.001
PTH (pg/ml)	^a71.3 ± 37.1	^b67.5 ± 29.6	^c65.2 ± 26.3	0.001
Ferritin (ng/mL)	^a82.7 ± 104.8	^b81.2 ± 110.4	^c80.4 ± 123.7	0.001
ALP (U/L)	^a231.3 ± 75.9	^b223.4 ± 76.6	^b224.8 ± 69.3	0.001
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	^a137.3 ± 106.5	^b133.4 ± 105.1	^b134.0 ± 118.0	0.101
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	^a51.5 ± 12.5	^b52.3 ± 12.7	^b52.7 ± 13.0	0.004

ALP alkaline phosphatase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, 25(OH)D 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; PTH = parathyroid hormone
Values were represented as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%)
^a, ^b, ^cwere designated according to post hoc analysis. Same marker was used to represent no statistically significant difference

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