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Table 4 Determinants of the positivity of HIV exposed infant’s HIV test

From: Vertical HIV transmission in perinatally-exposed infants in South-Rift region of Kenya: a retrospective cross sectional study

Variable name

OR [95% CI]

p value

OR [95% CI]

p value

Infant age at diagnosis n = 2624

 i. ≤ 6 weeks

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

 ii. >6 weeks – 9 Months

1.48 [1.09–2.01]

0.012**

1.54 [1.03–2.31]

0.037**

 iii. >9 Months

4.60 [3.15–6.73]

<0.001**

3.61 [1.80–7.23]

<0.001**

Infants’ sex

 Female

1 (Ref)

   

 Male

1.22 [0.93–1.60]

0.152*

1.16 [0.841.59]

0.368*

Maternal prophylaxis n = 2244

 Any form of antiretroviral prophylaxis

1 (Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

 No antiretroviral prophylaxis

4.4 [3.2–6.0]

<0.001**

2.9 [2.0–4.1]

<0.001**

Maternal antiretroviral regimen (type) n = 2244

 i. None (did not receive ARVs)

1 (Ref)

 

1(Ref)

 

 ii. HAART

0.20 [0.14–0.29]

<0.001**

0.30 [0.19–0.47]

<0.001**

 iii. Interrupted HAART

0.15 [0.06–0.35]

<0.001**

0.27 [0.11–0.67]

0.003**

 iv. AZT + (3TC + sd-NVP at labour) + (AZT + 3TC for 7 days)

0.23 [0.15–0.34]

<0.001**

0.41 [0.26–0.65]

<0.001**

 v. SdNVP

0.06 [0.01–0.47]

0.007**

1

 

 vi. Others

0.37 [0.24–0.58]

<0.001**

0.49 [0.29–0.82]

0.005**

Mode of infant feeding

 Infants ≤ 6 months n=

  Exclusive replacement feeding

1 (Ref)

 

1 (Ref)

 

  Exclusive breastfeeding

1.28 [0.69–2.38]

0.4*

1.27 [0.68–2.38]

0.456*

  Mixed feeding

2.75 [1.32–5.70]

0.007**

1.73[0.81–3.7]

0.158*

Infants >6 months

  Not breastfed

1 (Ref)

   

  Breast fed

2.3 [1.3–4.0]

0.006**

1.87 [1.02–3.44]

0.043**

  1. Ref reference category, OR Odds ratio, aOR Adjusted Odds ratio
  2. * = Not significant (p > 0.05), ** = Significant (p <0.05), [95% CI] : 95% Confidence interval