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Table 4 Cardiovascular risk factor levels according to level of education in the cohort and within sibships stratified by age-difference in sibships of only two siblings

From: The educational gradient in cardiovascular risk factors: impact of shared family factors in 228,346 Norwegian siblings

Sibling age-difference

Education

Cohort

Within sibships

Difference

Cohort

Within sibships

Difference

Years

Level

βCohort (95% CI)

βWithin sibships (95% CI)

βΔ (95% CI)

%

p

βCohort (95% CI)

βWithin sibships (95% CI)

βΔ (95% CI)

%

p

 

Per one lower level

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

  

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 

0-1

0.79 (0.40, 1.18)

0.35 (-0.27, 0.97)

0.44 (-0.04, 0.92)

-56

<0.001

0.29 (-0.00, 0.56)

-0.07 (-0.51, 0.37)

0.35 (0.01, 0.69)

-126

<0.001

>1-6

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

0.72 (0.60, 0.83)

0.28 (0.19, 0.37)

-28

<0.001

0.62 (0.56, 0.67)

0.44 (0.36, 0.52)

0.18 (0.11, 0.24)

-29

<0.001

>6

1.11 (0.95, 1.28)

0.95 (0.70, 1.21)

0.16 (-0.03, 0.36)

-14

<0.001

0.64 (0.53, 0.76)

0.54 (0.36. 0.72)

0.10 (-0.04, 0.24)

-16

<0.001

 

Total cholesterol, (mmol/l)

 

Heart rate (beats/min)

 

0-1

0.07 (0.04, 1.00)

0.01 (-0.03, 0.06)

0.06 (0.03, 0.09)

-81

<0.001

1.28 (0.92, 1.65)

0.76 (0.16, 1.37)

0.52 (0.04, 1.00)

-41

0.300

>1-6

0.10 (0.10, 0.11)

0.07 (0.06, 0.08)

0.03 (0.03, 0.04)

-31

<0.001

1.38 (1.31, 1.44)

1.12 (1.01, 1.22)

0.26 (0.18, 0.35)

-19

<0.001

>6

0.10 (0.09, 0.11)

0.07 (0.05, 0.09)

0.03 (0.02, 0.05)

-32

<0.001

1.32 (1.17, 1.47)

1.01 (0.77, 1.25)

0.32 (0.13, 0.50)

-24

0.004

 

Body mass index, (kg/m2

  

Height (cm)

 

0-1

0.19 (0.09, 0.30)

0.02 (-0.14, 0.17)

0.18 (0.06, 0.30)

-91

0.033

-0.49 (-0.66, -0.33)

-0.12 (-0.34, 0.10)

-0.37 (-0.53, -0.22)

75

<0.001

>1-6

0.29 (0.27, 0.31)

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.12 (0.10, 0.14)

-42

<0.001

-0.49 (-0.52, -0.46)

-0.23 (-0.27, -0.18)

-0.26 (-0.29, -0.24)

54

<0.001

>6

0.30 (0.26, 0.35)

0.18 (0.11, 0.24)

0.13 (0.08, 0.18)

-42

<0.001

-0.46 (-0.53, -0.39)

-0.23 (-0.32, -0.14)

-0.23 (-0.29, -0.17)

50

<0.001

 

Smoking status and pack years (category)

 

SCORE (percentage points)

 

0-1

0.29 (0.25, 0.34)

0.18 (0.11, 0.24)

0.12 (0.06, 0.17)

-39

<0.001

0.061 (0.048, 0.074)

0.020 (-0.025, 0.042)

0.041 (0.024, 0.059)

-68

<0.001

>1-6

0.32 (0.32, 0.33)

0.23 (0.22, 0.24)

0.09 (0.08, 0.10)

-29

<0.001

0.065 (0.063, 0.068)

0.046 (0.043, 0.050)

0.019 (0.016, 0.022)

-29

<0.001

>6

0.30 (0.29, 0.32)

0.23 (0.21, 0.26)

0.07 (0.05, 0.09)

-23

<0.001

0.067 (0.061, 0.072)

0.054 (0.045, 0.063)

0.013 (0.006, 0.020)

-19

0.001

  1. Number of individuals and number of sibships in sibships of only two siblings: 145,976 individuals in 72,988 sibships. Number of individuals and number of sibships stratified by difference in birth year: 4,208 individuals in 2,104 sibships for 0–1 years age-difference (of whom 2,540 individuals were born in the same year and month), 118,346 individuals in 59,173 sibships for >1–6 years age-difference, and 23,422 individuals in 11,711 sibships for >6 years age-difference. β is the beta regression coefficient. 95% CI is 95% confidence interval. βΔ = βCohort – βWithin sibships. % = ((βCohort – βWithin sibships) / βCohort)*100. P is Hausman specification test p for difference between cohort and within sibships effect estimates. Educational levels 1–5: (1) up to 7–9 years; (2) 10–11 years; (3) 12 years (4) 13–16 years; (5) >16 years. Smoking status and pack years categories 1-5: (1) never smoker, (2) past smoker and <20 pack-years, (3) past smoker and >20 pack-years, (4) current smoker and <20 pack-years, (5) current smoker and >20 pack-years). SCORE is the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation risk prediction score of 10-year cardiovascular mortality. All analyses are adjusted for age at examination and examination year, both centred on median, and for sex. Analyses of blood pressure are adjusted for current antihypertensive treatment
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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