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Table 3 Multivariable association of sociodemographic characteristics and sexual and reproductive history with presence of cervical lesions

From: Screening, prevalence, and risk factors for cervical lesions among HIV positive and HIV negative women in Swaziland

Variables

Age-adjusted

OR (95% confidence interval)a

Fully adjusted

OR (95% confidence interval)b

HIV status

 Positive

5.24 (2.31–11.88)

4.06 (1.61–10.25)

 Negative

Referent

Referent

Age

 <30

 

2.33 (0.88–6.10)

 ≥30

 

Referent

Had previous cervical exam

 Yes

2.09 (0.99–4.41)

2.53 (1.06–6.05)

 No

Referent

Referent

Marital status

 Married/Cohabiting

Referent

Referent

 Widowed/Single

1.01 (0.48–2.09)

0.83 (0.37–1.90)

Monthly income (1US = 10E)

 <E500 or None

Referent

Referent

 E500–1200

1.77 (0.72–4.33)

0.78 (0.19–3.14)

 >E1201

1.11 (0.46–2.68)

0.75 (0.19–2.93)

Highest educational level

 Primary/No School

Referent

Referent

 Secondary

1.50 (0.57–3.93)

2.47 (0.84–7.31)

 Tertiary

0.45 (0.11–1.91)

1.11 (0.20–6.34)

Employment status

 Employed/Self/Partially

2.33 (0.99–5.47)

3.12 (0.81–12.11)

 Unemployed/Student

Referent

Referent

Age at first sexual intercourse

 ≤17

2.30 (0.28–18.81)

0.85 (0.08–9.65)

 18–23

1.65 (0.20–13.44)

0.69 (0.06–7.50)

 ≥24

Referent

Referent

Number of lifetime sexual partners

 1

Referent

Referent

 ≥2

3.00 (1.02–8.85)

2.42 (0.65–9.08)

History of any of the following STIs

 Warts, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Herpes

2.16 (1.04–4.50)

1.42 (0.63–3.22)

 No

Referent

Referent

Condom use

 Not used

Referent

Referent

 Sometimes/most times/Non-regular partner only

1.61 (0.56–4.64)

1.11 (0.34–3.64)

 100% of the time

1.11 (0.33–3.78)

0.76 (0.20–2.96)

  1. aOdds Ratio (OR) for each socio-demographic and reproductive variable adjusted for age
  2. bFully adjusted model including all socio-demographic and reproductive variables
  3. The boldface odds ratios are significant