Table 1 Sociodemographic variables by HIV status and visual inspection by acetic acid (VIA) results
HIV positive N = 112 | HIV negative N = 161 | p-value | VIA positive N = 35 | VIA negative N = 236 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Age | ||||||
<30 | 32 (28.6) | 65 (40.4) | 0.04 | 11 (31.4) | 75 (31.8) | 0.97 |
≥30 | 80 (71.4) | 94 (59.6) | 24 (68.6) | 161 (68.2) | ||
Region | ||||||
Hhohho | 41 (36.6) | 67 (42.4) | 0.77 | 18 (51.4) | 92 (39.5) | 0.11 |
Lubombo | 3 (2.7) | 4 (2.5) | 2 (5.7) | 5 (2.1) | ||
Manzini | 56 (50.0) | 69 (43.7) | 14 (40.0) | 106 (45.5) | ||
Shiselwenni | 12 (10.7) | 18 (11.4) | 1 (2.9) | 30 (12.9) | ||
Had previous cervical exam | ||||||
Yes | 34 (30.6) | 48 (30.2) | 0.94 | 15 (42.9) | 65 (27.9) | 0.08 |
No | 77 (69.4) | 111 (69.8) | 20 (57.1) | 168 (72.1) | ||
Marital Status | ||||||
Married/Cohabiting | 48 (42.9) | 74 (46) | 0.61 | 15 (42.8) | 106 (44.9) | 0.82 |
Widowed/Single/Separated | 64 (57.1) | 87 (54) | 20 (57.1) | 130 (55.1) | ||
Monthly income (1US = 10E) | ||||||
<E500 or None | 38 (33.9) | 61 (38.1) | 0.03 | 11 (31.4) | 88 (37.5) | 0.43 |
E500–1200 | 38 (33.9) | 32 (20) | 12 (34.3) | 56 (23.8) | ||
>E1201 | 36 (32.1) | 67 (41.9) | 12 (34.3) | 91 (38.7) | ||
Highest educational level | ||||||
Primary/No school | 33 (29.5) | 25 (15.5) | <0.01 | 6 (17.1) | 50 (21.2) | 0.08 |
Secondary | 70 (62.5) | 90 (55.9) | 26 (74.3) | 134 (56.8) | ||
Tertiary | 9 (8) | 46 (28.6) | 3 (8.6) | 52 (22.0) | ||
Employment status | ||||||
Employed/Self-employed/Partially | 75 (67) | 93 (59.2) | 0.20 | 26 (74.3) | 140 (60.3) | 0.12 |
Unemployed/Student | 37 (33) | 64 (40.8) | 9 (25.7) | 92 (39.7) | ||
Occupation | ||||||
Laborer | 31 (38.7) | 35 (32.7) | 0.68 | 12 (44.4) | 52 (32.7) | 0.13 |
Skilled worker/Clerical | 29 (36.3) | 44 (41.1) | 6 (22.2) | 67 (42.1) | ||
Professional | 20 (25) | 28 (26.2) | 9 (33.3) | 40 (25.2) | ||
Religion | ||||||
Christian | 109 (97.3) | 157 (98.7) | 0.40 | 35 (100) | 229 (97.9) | 1.00 |
Other (Traditional, Muslim, None) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.1) | ||
Smoking status | ||||||
Never smoked | 106 (94.6) | 157 (97.5) | 0.22 | 35 (100) | 226 (95.8) | 0.37 |
Former/Current smoker | 6 (5.4) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 10 (4.2) | ||
Drink alcohol? | ||||||
Yes | 12 (10.9) | 11 (6.9) | 0.25 | 4 (11.8) | 19 (8.2) | 0.51 |
No | 98 (89.1) | 148 (93.1) | 30 (88.2) | 214 (91.8) | ||