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Table 2 Prevalence (%) of risk factors, by sex and age group

From: Cardiometabolic risk in a population of older adults with multiple co-morbidities in rural south africa: the HAALSI (Health and Aging in Africa: longitudinal studies of INDEPTH communities) study

 

ALL

Male

Female

 

Total Male

40–44

45–54

55–64

65+

p-value trend (Male)

Total Female

40–44

45–54

55–64

65+

p-value trend (Female)

p-value (Overall Men vs women)

Hypertensiona

58.4

54.5

34.6

42.2

56.9

64.8

<0.001*

61.8

34.6

52.9

65.3

72.0

<0.001*

<0.001

Total Diabetesb

11.1

10.1

4.6

8.2

10.1

12.6

0.001*

11.9

4.7

8.7

12.8

15.3

<0.001*

0.048

Self-Report Diabetes

6.7

6.2

1.7

4.5

5.9

8.6

<0.001*

7.1

1.8

4.5

8.3

9.3

<0.001*

0.227

RBG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L

5.5

4.7

1.4

3.9

5.2

5.5

0.044*

6.3

2.4

4.6

5.9

8.5

<0.001*

0.017

Reports diabetes medication use

4.9

4.5

1.7

3.3

4.4

5.9

0.013*

5.3

1.1

3.3

6.6

6.8

<0.001*

0.194

Total Dyslipidemiac

43.6

44.8

45.2

50.5

47.5

40.2

0.003*

42.7

41.6

39.8

49.1

40.3

0.002*

0.160

High Total Cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L

6.6

4.12

3.3

2.9

3.9

5.2

0.291

8.5

4.7

5.9

11.0

9.3

0.002*

<0.001

Low HDL < 1.19 mmol/L

26.5

31.3

35.0

38.4

30.7

27.5

0.001*

22.5

28.3

22.7

24.6

19.2

0.009*

<0.001

High LDL > 4.1 mmol/L

3.7

2.1

2.5

1.2

1.9

2.6

0.458

4.9

3.2

3.9

6.5

5.0

0.136

<0.001

Hypertriglyceridemia > 2.25 mmol/L

21.2

20.4

17.9

23.1

22.3

18.4

0.136

21.7

16.5

18.5

26.0

22.2

0.003*

0.311

BMI [45]

 

Underweight: < 18.5

6.7

10.1

10.0

10.9

10.6

9.2

---

3.7

2.3

2.5

4.0

4.6

---

<0.001

Normal: 18.5–24.9

35.4

45.9

51.3

45.0

45.4

45.3

---

26.4

26.3

24.4

21.8

31.1

---

<0.001

Overweight: 25.0–29.9

27.9

27.8

29.1

26.1

26.7

29.2

---

28.1

28.6

26.7

28.8

28.5

---

0.790

Obese Grade I: 30.0–34.9

17.7

11.8

6.9

12.6

12.8

12.1

---

22.7

23.7

23.0

25.7

20.0

---

<0.001

Obese Grade II: 35.0–39.9

7.4

2.8

2.2

3.0

2.9

2.9

---

11.3

12.6

12.9

10.4

10.5

---

<0.001

Extreme Obesity: ≥ 40

4.9

1.5

0.4

2.4

1.6

1.3

---

7.8

5.9

10.6

9.3

5.3

---

<0.001

Waist-Hip Ratio [46]

67.9

61.6

40.9

55.8

66.7

66.7

<0.001*

73.4

62.3

71.2

75.6

76.3

<0.001*

<0.001

hsCRP Risk Category [25]

Low (<1 mg/L)

19.2

21.7

23.4

22.9

21.3

20.9

---

17.0

16.2

19.24=

15.6

16.9

---

<0.001

Intermediate (1–3 mg/L)

42.4

42.9

43.2

44.6

43.7

41.6

---

42.0

47.0

38.7

42.6

42.4

---

0.517

High (>3 mg/L)

38.4

35.4

33.3

32.5

35.0

37.5

---

41.0

36.8

42.1

41.8

40.7

---

<0.001

  1. aSystolic Blood Pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic Blood Pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or Self-reported use of medication.
  2. bSelf-report or Random Blood Glucose (RBG) ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or Self-reported use of medication.
  3. cTotal cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) > 4.1 mmol/L or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) < 1.19 mmol/L or Triglycerides > 2.25 mmol/L or Self-reported use of medication (n = 8).
  4. *Statistically significant at α = 0.05