Table 2 Prevalence of diarrhea and appropriate treatment by independent variables and unadjusted odds ratios in Nyanza, Kenya
Individual variables for both analyses | Experienced diarrhea within the previous 2 weeks | Appropriate treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No n (%) | Yes n (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio | Inappropriate n (%) | Appropriate n (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio | |
Child’s gender | ||||||
  Female | 2102 (86.1) | 339 (13.9) | Ref. | 213 (64.0) | 120 (36.0) | Ref. |
  Male | 2072 (82.4) | 442 (17.6) | 1.390*** | 268 (61.1) | 171 (39.0) | 1.058 |
Child’s age (years) | ||||||
   < 1 | 767 (79.2) | 202 (20.9) | Ref. | 126 (62.4) | 76 (37.6) | Ref. |
  1 | 647 (75.0) | 216 (25.0) | 1.259* | 124 (58.2) | 89 (41.8) | 1.132 |
  2 | 849 (83.5) | 168 (16.5) | 0.722** | 109 (66.1) | 56 (33.9) | 0.768 |
  3 | 984 (90.0) | 109 (10.0) | 0.375*** | 64 (59.3) | 44 (40.7) | 1.131 |
  4 | 927 (91.5) | 86 (8.5) | 0.350*** | 58 (69.1) | 26 (31.0) | 0.601 |
Relationship to household head | ||||||
  Biological child | 3294 (84.2) | 618 (15.8) | Ref. | 386 (63.1) | 226 (36.9) | Ref. |
  Grandchild | 745 (85.4) | 127 (14.6) | 0.840 | 74 (59.7) | 50 (40.3) | 1.158 |
  Other | 135 (79.0) | 36 (21.1) | 1.376 | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | 1.123 |
Household head’s gender | ||||||
  Female | 1,039 (84.1) | 197 (15.9) | Ref. | 118 (61.8) | 73 (38.2) | Ref. |
  Male | 3,135 (84.3) | 584 (15.7) | 1.030 | 363 (62.5) | 218 (37.5) | 1.019 |
Age group (years) | ||||||
   < 30 | 1101 (80.4) | 269 (19.6) | Ref. | 172 (64.9) | 93 (35.1) | Ref. |
  30–34 | 788 (84.4) | 146 (15.6) | 0.767*** | 87 (59.6) | 59 (40.4) | 1.276 |
  35–39 | 700 (86.0) | 114 (14.0) | 0.642*** | 67 (59.8) | 45 (40.2) | 1.433 |
  40–49 | 750 (87.4) | 108 (12.6) | 0.612*** | 66 (62.9) | 39 (37.1) | 1.034 |
   ≥ 50 | 835 (85.3) | 144 (14.7) | 0.681*** | 89 (61.8) | 55 (38.2) | 1.147 |
Education level | ||||||
  No education/Primary level | 2829 (83.5) | 561 (16.6) | Ref. | 342 (62.0) | 210 (38.0) | Ref. |
  Secondary level or higher | 1345 (85.9) | 220 (14.1) | 0.862 | 139 (63.2) | 81 (36.8) | 0.913 |
Household wealth index | ||||||
  Poorer | 985 (84.0) | 188 (16.0) | Ref. | 123 (67.2) | 60 (32.8) | Ref. |
  Poor | 868 (83.7) | 169 (16.3) | 1.054 | 105 (62.5) | 63 (37.5) | 1.174 |
  Middle | 855 (85.0) | 151 (15.0) | 0.960 | 85 (56.3) | 66 (43.7) | 1.644* |
  Rich | 802 (85.6) | 135 (14.4) | 0.906 | 80 (60.6) | 52 (39.4) | 1.377 |
  Richer | 664 (82.8) | 138 (17.2) | 1.062 | 88 (63.8) | 50 (36.2) | 1.075 |
Number of household members | ||||||
  5 or fewer than 5 | 2002 (83.2) | 404 (16.8) | Ref. | 253 (63.3) | 147 (36.8) | Ref. |
  More than 5 | 2172 (85.2) | 377 (14.8) | 0.824* | 228 (61.3) | 144 (38.7) | 1.111 |
Number of children under five | ||||||
  One | 1340 (86.3) | 213 (13.7) | Ref. | 135 (64.6) | 74 (35.4) | Ref. |
  More than 1 | 2834 (83.3) | 568 (16.7) | 1.203* | 346 (61.5) | 217 (38.5) | 1.190 |
Paying attention to the child | ||||||
  Less attention | 2316 (83.3) | 464 (16.7) | Ref. | 278 (60.4) | 182 (39.6) | Ref. |
  More attention | 1858 (85.4) | 317 (14.6) | 0.844* | 203 (65.1) | 109 (34.9) | 0.892 |
Playing with the child in the past three days | ||||||
  No playing | 858 (84.8) | 154 (15.2) | Ref. | 102 (68.5) | 47 (31.5) | Ref. |
  Playing at least once within the past 3 days | 3316 (84.1) | 627 (15.9) | 1.028 | 379 (60.8) | 244 (39.2) | 1.233 |
Individual Variables for the first analysis on diarrhea cases | ||||||
Water source for drinking | ||||||
  Unimproved | 2057 (84.1) | 388 (15.9) | Ref. |  |  |  |
  Improved | 2117 (84.3) | 393 (15.7) | 0.974 |  |  |  |
Water treatment | ||||||
  No treatment/Inadequate | 1839 (83.0) | 378 (17.1) | Ref. |  |  |  |
  Adequate treatment | 2335 (85.3) | 403 (14.7) | 0.820* |  |  |  |
Hand-washing facility | ||||||
  Not available | 4045 (84.1) | 764 (15.9) | Ref. |  |  |  |
  Available | 129 (88.4) | 17 (11.6) | 0.620 |  |  |  |
Possession of refrigerator | ||||||
  No | 4096 (84.1) | 772 (15.9) | Ref. |  |  |  |
  Yes | 78 (89.7) | 9 (10.3) | 0.491 |  |  |  |
Individual Variables for the second analysis on appropriate treatment | ||||||
Severity of diarrhea | ||||||
  Without blood |  |  |  | 437 (64.9) | 236 (35.1) | Ref. |
  With blood |  |  |  | 44 (44.4) | 55 (55.6) | 2.538*** |
Possession of at least one media device | ||||||
  No |  |  |  | 47 (58.8) | 33 (41.3) | Ref. |
  Yes |  |  |  | 434 (62.7) | 258 (37.3) | 0.809 |
Community Variables for the two analyses | ||||||
Area | ||||||
  Urban | 402 (79.6) | 103 (20.4) | Ref. | 66 (65.4) | 35 (34.7) | Ref. |
  Rural | 3772 (84.8) | 678 (15.2) | 0.753* | 415 (61.9) | 256 (38.2) | 1.195 |
Performance of CHWs in the CU | ||||||
  None/Poor (Number of CHWs and CUs) | 2263 (85.8) | 376 (14.3) | Ref. | 248 (67.0) | 122 (33.0) | Ref. |
  Middle | 1244 (83.9) | 239 (16.1) | 1.194 | 141 (59.5) | 96 (40.5) | 1.651** |
  High | 667 (80.1) | 166 (19.9) | 1.453** | 92 (55.8) | 73 (44.2) | 1.841** |