A longitudinal study on determinants of HPV vaccination uptake in parents/guardians from different ethnic backgrounds in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Alberts, Catharina J.; van der Loeff, Maarten F. Schim; Hazeveld, Yvonne; de Melker, Hester E.; van der Wal, Marcel F.; Nielen, Astrid; El Fakiri, Fatima; Prins, Maria; Paulussen, Theo G. W. M.

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4091-4

Table 1 Baseline socio-demographic characteristics, HPV vaccination intention, actual childhood vaccination and HPV vaccination uptake, by ethnic group of the parents/guardians, HPV vaccination acceptability study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2014

From: A longitudinal study on determinants of HPV vaccination uptake in parents/guardians from different ethnic backgrounds in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Region of origin
	NL		SNA			MENA			Other			Total
	(n = 723)		(n = 126)			(n = 237)			(n = 223)			(n = 1309)
Socio-demographic characteristics	n	%	n	%	p vs NL	n	%	p vs NL	n	%	p vs NL	n	%	p overall
Gender
Female	630	90%	108	89%	0.905	180	82%	0.002	190	89%	0.863	1108	88%	0.017
Male	73	10%	13	11%		40	18%		23	11%		149	12%
Age
Median (IQR)	46	(43–49)	43	(39–47)	<0.001	42	(37–47)	<0.001	45	(41–48)	<0.001	45	(42–48)	<0.001
≤ 43 year	203	29%	61	51%	<0.001	119	58%	<0.001	86	42%	0.004	469	38%	<0.001
44–47 year	253	36%	32	27%		41	20%		63	30%		389	32%
≥ 48 year	238	34%	27	23%		45	22%		58	28%		368	30%
Education^a
Low	204	29%	71	60%	<0.001	137	65%	<0.001	80	38%	0.033	492	40%	<0.001
Intermediate	255	37%	34	29%		43	20%		61	29%		393	32%
High	236	34%	13	11%		32	15%		67	32%		348	28%
Religion
No religion	515	74%	19	16%	<0.001	11	5%	<0.001	94	46%	<0.001	639	52%	<0.001
Protestantism^b	105	15%	50	42%		13	6%		41	20%		209	17%
Catholicism^c	67	10%	17	14%		19	9%		40	20%		143	12%
Islam	2	0%	16	13%		168	80%		13	6%		199	16%
Other	6	1%	17	14%		0	0%		16	8%		39	3%
Language used to complete the questionnaire
Dutch	723	100%	126	100%	N.A.	194	82%	<0.001	199	89%	<0.001	1242	95%	<0.001
Another language than Dutch^d	0	0%	0	0%		43	18%		24	11%		67	5%
Received help to complete the questionnaire
Did not receive help	649	93%	104	86%	0.011	124	57%	<0.001	160	75%	<0.001	1037	83%	<0.001
Received help^e	50	7%	17	14%		94	43%		54	25%		215	17%
Way of completing the questionnaire
On paper	401	55%	70	56%	0.985	158	67%	0.002	137	61%	0.115	766	59%	0.015
Online	322	45%	56	44%		79	33%		86	39%		543	41%
Intention (5 point-scale, range −2 to 2)
Mean (SD)	1.30	1.17	1.33	0.92	0.850	0.68	1.30	<0.001	1.31	0.97	0.903	1.20	1.17	<0.001
Mean (SD)	n	%	n	%		n	%		n	%		n	%
HPV vaccination status
No vaccination	84	13%	16	16%	<0.001	72	41%	<0.001	33	17%	0.031	205	18%	<0.001
One vaccination	22	3%	13	13%		13	7%		13	7%		61	5%
Two vaccinations	539	84%	71	71%		92	52%		146	76%		848	76%
Infant, toddler and preschool children vaccination^f
Not all	13	2%	7	7%	0.004	5	3%	0.515	17	9%	<0.001	42	4%	<0.001
All	632	98%	93	93%		172	97%		175	91%		1072	96%
School-age vaccination^g
Not all	24	4%	5	5%	0.538	6	3%	0.835	14	7%	0.031	49	4%	0.169
All	621	96%	95	95%		171	97%		178	93%		1065	96%
Overall childhood vaccination status^h
Not all	24	4%	8	8%	0.050	8	5%	0.626	20	10%	<0.001	60	5%	0.002
All	621	96%	92	92%		169	95%		172	90%		1054	95%

* p-values of categorical variables are based on Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables, p-values for continuous variables when comparing one of the “region of origin” categories with the Dutch based on the t-test p-values for continuous variables overall are based on the Kruskall-Wallis test. For calculation of the p-values missing categories were excluded
^aEducation was based on the highest level of education and categorized into low (no education, primary school), intermediate (lower general secondary school, higher general secondary school, or secondary vocational school) and high (university-preparatory school, polytechnic, or university)
^bIncludes all Christian religions not belonging to the Catholic category
^cIncludes Coptic Christian and Greek- orthodox
^d Other languages used were Turkish (n = 20), English (n = 43), Arabic (n = 3) or Twi (n = 1). Written questionnaire was available in Dutch, English and Turkish
^eParticipants indicated to have received help to complete the questionnaire, i.e. partner (n = 48), daughter/son (n = 144) or different (n = 23)
^fGirl is vaccinated for all vaccinations given between 0 and 4 years of age (without exceptions), which are DTaP: diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine; HiB: Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; MMR: measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (NB; PCV: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine -- > was introduced in 2006 and therefore not applicable for this cohort.)
^gGirl is vaccinated for all vaccinations given at 9 years of age (without exceptions), which are DTP: diphtheria-tetanus vaccine; MMR: measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
^hOverall vaccination status between 0 and 9 years (HPV vaccination is offered at the age of 12–13 years)
Data are missing for gender (n = 52), age (n = 83), education (n = 76), religion (n = 80), received help (n = 57) and intention (n = 20). Data are missing for childhood and HPV vaccination status of those girls whose parents/guardians did not consent to obtain their vaccination status from Praeventis, the national database for monitoring the childhood vaccinations in the Netherlands)
Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range, DPTP diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and poliomyelitis, MMR measles, mumps and rubella, HPV human papillomavirus, SD standard deviation. NL denotes participants with a Dutch ethnicity, SNA denotes participants with a Surinamese, Netherlands Antillean or Aruban ethnicity, MENA denotes participants with a Middle Eastern or North African ethnicity (including Turkish participants), Other denotes participants from all other ethnicities.
p-values/significance levels are indicated in the columns "p vs NL" and "p overall". The values thatare significant at a level p < 0.05 are now indicated in bold

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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