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Table 2 Mortality rate ratios by injury type and severity for injury-related hospitalisations of individuals aged 18+ years and matched non-injured comparison cohort within the 12 months post the index injury date, linked hospitalisation and mortality data in Australia

From: Higher mortality risk among injured individuals in a population-based matched cohort study

 

Injured

No. deaths

Non-injured

No. deaths

Unadjusted mortality rate ratio

95%CI

Adjusted mortality rate ratioa,b

95%CI

Adjusted attributable risk%a,b

Mortality

 Within 30 days

3015

205

15.07*

13.06–17.39

12.13*

10.29–14.29

92

 Within 3 months

5327

659

8.69*

7.99–9.45

6.31*

5.75–6.93

84

 Within 6 months

7471

1368

6.00*

5.65–6.37

4.27*

4.00–4.57

77

 Within 12 months

10,638

2970

4.07*

3.89–4.24

2.90*

2.76–3.04

66

Injury type

 Fracture

5005

1504

3.90*

3.67–4.15

2.80*

2.61–3.01

64

 Hip fracture

2390

581

5.34*

4.82–5.91

3.67*

3.27–4.12

73

 Open wound

1312

417

3.53*

3.14–3.97

2.57*

2.25–2.93

61

 Injury to internal organs

991

141

9.48*

7.74–11.60

7.38*

5.90–9.22

86

 Traumatic brain injury

870

119

10.22*

8.18–12.77

7.58*

5.92–9.70

87

 Superficial injuries

797

267

3.27*

2.83–3.78

2.21*

1.87–2.60

55

 Poisoning by drugs, medicaments and biological substances

479

50

10.56*

7.78–14.34

6.06*

3.93–9.33

83

 Burns

69

12

5.75*

3.12–10.61

4.06*

1.71–9.63

75

 Injury to nerves and spinal cord

32

15

2.07**

1.12–3.83

1.93

0.88–4.24

48

 All other and unspecified injuries

1953

564

3.99*

3.61–4.41

2.76*

2.47–3.08

64

Injury severity score (ICISS range)

 Minor (≥0.99)

1427

597

2.57*

2.33–2.84

1.82*

1.62–2.05

45

 Moderate (0.942- < 0.99)

4179

1277

3.68*

3.44–3.93

2.54*

2.35–2.73

61

 Serious (<0.942)

5032

1096

5.85*

5.43–6.29

4.17*

3.85–4.52

76

Age group

 18–24

94

7

13.43*

6.23–28.93

28.08*

7.66–103.00

96

 25–34

168

8

21.00*

10.33–46.68

25.59*

8.33–78.63

96

 35–44

245

23

10.65*

6.95–16.33

7.18*

4.06–12.71

86

 45–54

333

56

6.07*

4.56–8.07

4.63*

3.11–6.88

78

 55–64

473

69

6.87*

5.33–8.84

5.00*

3.45–7.25

80

 65–74

989

186

5.56*

4.74–6.53

2.89*

2.36–3.53

65

 75–84

3056

727

4.84*

4.44–5.28

3.16*

2.87–3.49

68

 85+

5280

1894

3.35*

3.16–3.54

2.58*

2.42–2.75

61

  1. *p < 0.0001; **p < 0.02
  2. aAdjusted for age group, sex, urban status, number of Charlson comorbidities (i.e. 0, 1–2 or ≥3), alcohol use and dependence, mental health conditions, drug-related dependence and the log of pre-injury cumulative hospital LOS. bAge group analyses adjusted for sex, urban status, number of Charlson comorbidities (i.e. 0, 1–2 or ≥3), alcohol use and dependence, mental health conditions, drug-related dependence and the log of pre-injury cumulative hospital LOS