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Table 4 PICOS framework

From: Systematic review of cost-effectiveness analyses for combinations of prevention strategies against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: a general trend

PICOS

Definition

Population

All individuals

Intervention

Vaccination against HPV infection, with a cervical screening strategy

Comparators

One of the following three scenarios:

- Vaccination against HPV infection, with an alternative cervical screening strategy

- Vaccination against HPV infection only

- An alternative cervical screening strategy only

Outcomes

Health economic endpoint (with a focus on the cost-effectiveness result (quality-adjusted life-year, cost-effectiveness ratio) and clinical outcomes (cancers/cases avoided)

Study types

Cost-effectiveness analyses