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Table 4 Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of poor mental health among Korean boys according to parental country of birth (reference = both parents born in Korea), after adjusting for age and socioeconomic position indicators: findings from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, 2011–2014

From: Associations of multicultural status with depressive mood and suicidality among Korean adolescents: the roles of parental country of birth and socioeconomic position

 

Japan-born mother

Korean-Chinese mother

Other foreign-born mother

Foreign-born father

Both parents foreign-born

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

PR (95% CI)

Depressive mood

 Baseline model (adjusted for age)

0.84 (0.66–1.07)

1.00 (0.78–1.28)

1.09 (0.88–1.34)

1.62 (1.31–2.01)

1.32 (1.04–1.67)

  + Urbanity

0.84 (0.66–1.06)

1.00 (0.78–1.27)

1.09 (0.88–1.34)

1.62 (1.31–2.02)

1.32 (1.04–1.67)

  + Father’s education

0.83 (0.65–1.06)

0.97 (0.76–1.24)

1.09 (0.88–1.34)

1.65 (1.33–2.04)

1.32 (1.04–1.67)

  + Mother’s education

0.85 (0.66–1.08)

1.02 (0.79–1.30)

1.12 (0.91–1.38)

1.52 (1.23–1.89)

1.33 (1.05–1.69)

  + Perceived household economic status

0.81 (0.64–1.03)

0.94 (0.73–1.20)

1.04 (0.84–1.28)

1.49 (1.21–1.83)

1.22 (0.97–1.53)

  + Self-reported educational performance

0.83 (0.65–1.06)

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

1.04 (0.85–1.28)

1.57 (1.28–1.94)

1.27 (1.00–1.60)

  + Cohabitation with parents

0.85 (0.66–1.08)

0.98 (0.77–1.25)

1.07 (0.87–1.32)

1.51 (1.22–1.87)

1.27 (1.00–1.60)

  + All socioeconomic position indicators

0.82 (0.65–1.05)

0.95 (0.74–1.21)

1.05 (0.85–1.29)

1.41 (1.16–1.73)

1.19 (0.95–1.49)

Suicidal ideation

 Baseline model (adjusted for age)

0.74 (0.52–1.05)

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

1.33 (1.01–1.76)

2.01 (1.47–2.75)

2.22 (1.70–2.90)

  + Urbanity

0.74 (0.53–1.05)

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

1.33 (1.01–1.76)

2.01 (1.47–2.75)

2.22 (1.70–2.90)

  + Father’s education

0.74 (0.52–1.04)

0.90 (0.62–1.31)

1.32 (1.00–1.74)

2.03 (1.49–2.77)

2.21 (1.69–2.88)

  + Mother’s education

0.75 (0.53–1.07)

0.95 (0.65–1.38)

1.37 (1.04–1.81)

1.79 (1.32–2.43)

2.21 (1.70–2.88)

  + Perceived household economic status

0.71 (0.50–1.00)

0.85 (0.58–1.23)

1.25 (0.94–1.65)

1.73 (1.27–2.36)

1.93 (1.48–2.51)

  + Self-reported educational performance

0.74 (0.53–1.05)

0.90 (0.62–1.31)

1.27 (0.96–1.68)

1.91 (1.40–2.59)

2.08 (1.59–2.71)

  + Cohabitation with parents

0.75 (0.53–1.07)

0.91 (0.63–1.32)

1.30 (0.98–1.72)

1.80 (1.32–2.45)

2.07 (1.59–2.68)

  + All socioeconomic position indicators

0.73 (0.52–1.04)

0.88 (0.60–1.28)

1.27 (0.96–1.68)

1.57 (1.16–2.13)

1.82 (1.39–2.36)

Suicidal plans

 Baseline model (adjusted for age)

0.34 (0.16–0.70)

0.66 (0.32–1.38)

1.95 (1.32–2.88)

3.47 (2.24–5.39)

3.86 (2.63–5.66)

  + Urbanity

0.33 (0.16–0.69)

0.66 (0.31–1.37)

1.94 (1.31–2.86)

3.47 (2.23–5.38)

3.85 (2.62–5.65)

  + Father’s education

0.33 (0.16–0.69)

0.62 (0.29–1.29)

1.89 (1.27–2.79)

3.51 (2.26–5.44)

3.78 (2.60–5.51)

  + Mother’s education

0.35 (0.17–0.72)

0.70 (0.33–1.45)

2.05 (1.39–3.03)

2.74 (1.79–4.21)

3.88 (2.67–5.65)

  + Perceived household economic status

0.33 (0.16–0.69)

0.61 (0.29–1.28)

1.82 (1.24–2.68)

2.69 (1.74–4.17)

2.96 (2.06–4.24)

  + Self-reported educational performance

0.34 (0.17–0.71)

0.64 (0.31–1.34)

1.84 (1.25–2.71)

3.18 (2.06–4.92)

3.44 (2.36–5.01)

  + Cohabitation with parents

0.35 (0.17–0.72)

0.64 (0.31–1.34)

1.86 (1.26–2.76)

2.91 (1.88–4.49)

3.37 (2.31–4.93)

  + All socioeconomic position indicators

0.34 (0.16–0.70)

0.64 (0.30–1.33)

1.86 (1.27–2.72)

2.27 (1.49–3.47)

2.78 (1.95–3.97)

Suicide attempts

 Baseline model (adjusted for age)

0.84 (0.39–1.82)

0.65 (0.22–1.88)

2.97 (1.92–4.59)

5.16 (3.23–8.26)

5.45 (3.49–8.52)

  + Urbanity

0.82 (0.38–1.77)

0.64 (0.22–1.85)

2.92 (1.89–4.52)

5.16 (3.22–8.25)

5.45 (3.48–8.51)

  + Father’s education

0.81 (0.37–1.76)

0.57 (0.19–1.66)

2.75 (1.77–4.26)

5.26 (3.30–8.38)

5.26 (3.40–8.12)

  + Mother’s education

0.87 (0.40–1.89)

0.68 (0.23–1.99)

3.10 (2.00–4.79)

3.90 (2.51–6.05)

5.60 (3.60–8.71)

  + Perceived household economic status

0.82 (0.38–1.79)

0.59 (0.20–1.73)

2.73 (1.76–4.23)

3.73 (2.36–5.88)

3.87 (2.55–5.87)

  + Self-reported educational performance

0.85 (0.39–1.85)

0.63 (0.21–1.83)

2.73 (1.77–4.23)

4.52 (2.85–7.17)

4.58 (2.97–7.07)

  + Cohabitation with parents

0.88 (0.40–1.90)

0.62 (0.21–1.80)

2.78 (1.79–4.33)

4.02 (2.55–6.34)

4.49 (2.93–6.89)

  + All socioeconomic position indicators

0.83 (0.38–1.81)

0.58 (0.20–1.71)

2.64 (1.70–4.11)

3.15 (2.06–4.80)

3.47 (2.32–5.19)

  1. PR prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval