Pre-pregnancy | 1st trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | ||||
2004 | 2015 | 2004 | 2015 | 2004 | 2015 | 2004 | 2015 | |
Maternal age (years)a | ||||||||
p = 0.003 | p = 0.088 | p = 0.074 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.499 | p = 0.076 | p = 0.052 | p = 0.599 | |
12 –19 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
20 –29 | 1.11 (0.84 –1.48) | 0.92 (0.70 –1.23) | 1.14 (0.84 –1.55) | 0.89 (0.61 –1.31) | 1.09 (0.78 –1.52) | 0.72 (0.46 –1.12) | 0.85 (0.60 –1.21) | 0.91 (0.55 –1.53) |
30 –39 | 1.64 (1.19 –2.27) | 1.11 (0.81 –1.53) | 1.47 (1.02 –2.12) | 1.29 (0.84 –1.96) | 1.27 (0.85 –1.89) | 1.03 (0.63 –1.67) | 0.73 (0.47 –1.14) | 1.02 (0.57 –1.82) |
40 –47 | 1.21 (0.67 –2.20) | 1.17 (0.68 –2.02) | 1.11 (0.54 –2.26) | 1.62 (0.82 –3.18) | 0.72 (0.29 –1.79) | 0.84 (0.36 –1.95) | 0.47 (0.16 –1.39) | 0.63 (0.19 –1.99) |
Family income (quintiles)a | p < 0.001 | p = <0.001 | p = 0.018 | p = <0.001 | p = 0.045 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.023 | p = 0.002 |
1 (poorest) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
2 | 1.34 (0.95 –1.89) | 0.92 (0.70 –1.22) | 1.13 (0.79 –1.63) | 1.38 (0.93 –2.04) | 0.94 (0.61 –1.43) | 1.07 (0.69 –1.67) | 1.11 (0.70 –1.78) | 1.07 (0.63 –1.83) |
3 | 1.56 (1.12 –2.18) | 0.98 (0.74 –1.30) | 1.15 (0.81 –1.65) | 1.06 (0.70 –1.59) | 1.35 (0.92 –1.99) | 0.79 (0.49 –1.27) | 1.62 (1.05 –2.51) | 0.93 (0.54 –1.62) |
4 | 1.94 (1.40 –2.68) | 1.07 (0.81 –1.41) | 1.23 (0.87 –1.76) | 1.42 (0.97 –2.10) | 1.22 (0.82 –1.80) | 0.90 (0.57 –1.42) | 1.54 (0.99 –2.40) | 0.87 (0.50 –1.51) |
5 (wealthiest) | 2.72 (1.96 –3.78) | 1.82 (1.35 –2.45) | 1.56 (1.09 –2.24) | 2.04 (1.35 –3.07) | 1.43 (0.96 –2.12) | 1.97 (1.25 –3.09) | 1.64 (1.04 –2.59) | 2.29 (1.33 –3.95) |
Schooling (years)a | ||||||||
p = <0.001 | p = <0.001 | p = <0.001 | p = <0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.242 | |
0 –4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
5 –8 | 2.00 (1.37 –2.95) | 1.71 (1.12 –2.61) | 1.94 (1.25 –2.99) | 1.20 (0.70 –2.07) | 1.95 (1.16 –3.26) | 0.99 (0.54 –1.82) | 2.54 (1.37 –4.70) | 0.94 (0.49 –1.79) |
9 –11 | 2.63 (1.77 –3.92) | 2.17 (1.42 –3.30) | 2.62 (1.67 –4.12) | 1.25 (0.73 –2.14) | 2.82 (1.66 –4.79) | 1.09 (0.60 –1.99) | 2.80 (1.48 –5.30) | 0.77 (0.40 –1.50) |
≥ 12 | 5.06 (3.25 –7.90) | 3.86 (2.47 –6.00) | 4.25 (2.55 –7.07) | 2.37 (1.35 –4.16) | 5.80 (3.24 –10.38) | 2.39 (1.27 –4.49) | 5.45 (2.71 –10.98) | 1.30 (0.64 –2.65) |
Paritya | ||||||||
p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.012 | |
1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
2 | 0.65 (0.52 –0.82) | 0.73 (0.60 –0.88) | 0.62 (0.47 –0.80) | 0.67 (0.52 –0.86) | 0.51 (0.38 –0.69) | 0.65 (0.49 –0.87) | 0.57 (0.41 –0.79) | 0.73 (0.52 –1.04) |
3 | 0.63 (0.49 –0.81) | 0.66 (0.51 –0.87) | 0.55 (0.41 –0.74) | 0.49 (0.33 –0.71) | 0.48 (0.34 –0.67) | 0.60 (0.39 –0.92) | 0.51 (0.35 –0.75) | 0.59 (0.35 –1.00) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | ||||||||
p = 0.517 | p = 0.581 | p = 0.566 | p = 0.043 | p = 0.715 | p = 0.021 | p = 0.110 | p < 0.001 | |
< 18.5 | 0.51 (0.31 –0.83) | 0.82 (0.51 –1.31) | 1.08 (0.62 –1.88) | 1.19 (0.65 –2.17) | 0.82 (0.45 –1.51) | 0.90 (0.45 –1.81) | 0.61 (0.31 –1.21) | 1.19 (0.59 –2.39) |
18.5 –24.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
25.0 –29.9 | 1.08 (0.84 –1.39) | 1.05 (0.87 –1.27) | 1.13 (0.81 –1.58) | 0.88 (0.68 –1.16) | 0.83 (0.57 –1.20) | 0.75 (0.55 –1.02) | 0.73 (0.49 –1.10) | 0.60 (0.42 –0.87) |
> =30 | 1.15 (0.81 –1.64) | 0.89 (0.72 –1.11) | 1.04 (0.64 –1.69) | 0.70 (0.51 –0.97) | 1.13 (0.69 –1.84) | 0.71 (0.49 –1.01) | 0.81 (0.45 –1.45) | 0.33 (0.19 –0.56) |
Pre-pregnancy LTPA (≥150 min/week) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 19.1 (14.4 –25.3) | 10.3 (8.19 –13.0) | 11.6 (8.67 –15.5) | 5.63 (4.36 –7.28) | 7.25 (5.27 –9.97) | 4.45 (3.26 –6.07) | ||
No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |