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Table 4 Results of case–control studies included in the systematic review for the asbestos-smoking interaction

From: Absence of multiplicative interactions between occupational lung carcinogens and tobacco smoking: a systematic review involving asbestos, crystalline silica and diesel engine exhaust emissions

Author (Year)

Cases

Controls

Recruitment period

NS /Exposed

S/Exposed

Interaction Estimation

Interpretation

Additive

Multiplicative

Additive

Multiplicative

Martischnig (1977) [29]

M: 201

M: 201

1972–1973

RR = 1.08

≥25 C/D:

RR = 3.26

NA

No heterogeneity of RRs X2 = 2.89; DF =2

NA

No

Blot (1978) [30]

M: 458

M: 553

1970–1976

RR = 1.3

RR = 1.7

RR = 2.4

NA

No heterogeneity of RRs P > 0.10

NA

No

Jöckel (1998) [31]

M: 839

F: 165

M: 839

F: 165

1988-1993

OR = 1.1

OR = 6.5

OR = 18

NA

IT

P = 0.73

NA

No

Gustavsson (2002) [35]

M: 1038

M: 2359

1985–1990

RR = 4.2 (1.6-11.1)

RR = 28.6 (19.9-48.3)

S = 1.15 (0.77-1.72)

IT

OR = 0.31 (0.11-0.86)

No

Negative

Carel (2007) [32]

M: 2205

M: 2305

1998–2002

Not shown

Not shown

NA

No modification effect CEE: P = 0.37 UK P = 0.62.

NA

No

De Matteis (2012) [6]

M: 1537

M: 1617

2002–2005

OR = 2.47 (1.15-5.31)

OR = 49.54 (28.18-87.08)

NA

LRT

P = 0.19

NA

No

Villeneuve (2012) [33]

M: 1681

M: 2053

1994–1997

OR = 2.20 (0.42-11.41)

OR = 38.59 (10.78-138.08)

NA

IT

P = 0.77

NA

No

Lacourt (2015) [34]

M: 414

M: 321

St.1: 1979–1986 St.2: 1996–1998

OR = 1.2 (0.7–2.2)

OR = 1.1 (0.8–1.6)

NA

IT

P = 0.68

NA

No

  1. M Males, F Females, S Smokers, NS Non-Smokers, CEE Central and Eastern Europe, St Study, S Synergy Index, LRT likelihood ratio test, IT interaction term