Absence of multiplicative interactions between occupational lung carcinogens and tobacco smoking: a systematic review involving asbestos, crystalline silica and diesel engine exhaust emissions

Table 3 Description of case–control studies included in the systematic review for the asbestos-smoking interaction

Author (Year)	Study design	Geographic area	Subjects identification		Asbestos					Smoking		NOS
Author (Year)	Study design	Geographic area	Case	Control	Data collection	Exposure Identification	Non exposed	Exposed	Data collection	Non Smoker	Smoker
Martischnig (1977) [29]	Hospital-based	United Kingdom	Hospital	Hospital	Questionnaire	Expert	No occupational history	Occupational history	Questionnaire	0-14 C/D	>14 C/D	7
Blot (1978) [30]	Hospital-based	Coastal Georgia (USA)	-Hospital -Death certificate	Hospital	Interview	Auto-declaration	Not shipbuilder	Shipbuilder	Interview	<10 C/D	≥10 C/D	6
Jöckel (1998) [31]	Hospital-based	Germany	Hospital	Register	-Questionnaire -Interview	Matrix	Never	Exposed >5280 h	-Questionnaire -Interview	Never and < 27.1 P.Y	≥27.1 P.Y	7
Gustavsson (2002) [35]	Population-based	Sweden	Register	Register	Self-reported questionnaire	Industrial hygienist	Never	≥1.0 f-years	Self-reported questionnaire	Never	Current	7
Carel (2007) [32]	Hospital-based	Europe	Hospital	-Hospital -Register	Questionnaire	Expert	Never	Exposed > 1 Y	Questionnaire	Never	Ever	8
De Matteis (2012) [6]	Population-based	Italy	Hospital	Population databases	Questionnaire	Matrix	Never	Ever	Questionnaire	Never	-Former -Current	6
Villeneuve (2012) [33]	Population-based	Canada	Register	General population	Self-reported questionnaire	Industrial hygienist	Never	Medium or high	Self-reported questionnaire	<10 P.Y	≥10 P.Y	7
Lacourt (2015) [34]	Pooled	Montreal (Canada)	Hospital	Population (electoral lists)	Questionnaire	-Chemist -Industrial hygienist	Never	Ever	Questionnaire	Never-low	Medium-heavy	7

NOS the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment Scale, S current smokers, Y years, C/D cigarettes per day, P.Y Pack.Year

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