Table 1 Social determinants of health and descriptions of each determinant
From: Development of the health literacy on social determinants of health questionnaire in Japanese adults
Determinants | |
|---|---|
1. | The social gradient |
Poor social and economic circumstances affect health throughout life. | |
2. | Early life |
The health impact of early development and education lasts a lifetime. | |
3. | Social exclusion |
Being excluded from the society and treated as less than equal leads to worse health. | |
4. | Work |
Control over work leads to better health. | |
5. | Unemployment |
Job security increases health, well-being, and job satisfaction. | |
6. | Social support |
Less social and emotional support from others increases the likelihood of poor health. | |
7. | Social capital |
The existence of trust, norms, and networks in communities or in wider societies helps protect people and their health. | |
8. | Addiction |
Use of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco is influenced by wider social settings. | |
9. | Food |
Global market forces control healthy food supply. | |
10. | Transport |
Healthy transport means less driving and more walking and cycling and is supported by better public transport. |