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Table 3 Exposure variables, covariates and outcome variables for the total study group, both overall and stratified by parents’ level of education

From: The relationship between hours of sleep, screen time and frequency of food and drink consumption in Spain in the 2011 and 2013 ALADINO: a cross-sectional study

Variables under study

No formal or only primary school education

Secondary

University

No formal or only primary school education

Secondary

University

 

2011

2013

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Sleep duration (hours/day)*

9.8

0.8

9.9

0.7

9.9

0.7

9.8

0.8

9.8

0.8

9.9

0.6

Screen time (hours/day)*

2.0

0.9

1.9

0.9

1.7

0.8

2.9

1.5

2.7

1.5

2.3

1.2

 Boys

2.1

1.0

2.0

0.9

1.8

0.8

3.3

1.5

2.9

1.6

2.5

1.2

 Girls

1.9

0.9

1.9

0.9

1.6

0.8

2.5

1.4

2.6

1.3

2.2

1.3

Outdoor play time (hours/day)*

1.6

0.7

1.5

0.7

1.4

0.6

2.1

0.8

1.9

0.8

1.7

0.6

Have PC, TV, etc. in the room (%)*

43.7

 

35.8

 

22.6

 

51.6

 

43.1

 

26.5

 

Outcome variables - food consumption frequencies (days/week)

Legumes*

2.9

1.7

2.6

1.5

2.4

1.3

2.9

1.8

2.7

1.5

2.4

1.3

100% fruit juice

2.9

2.4

2.9

2.4

2.9

2.5

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.4

Whole-fat milk

3.9

3.2

3.9

3.2

3.7

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.4

3.3

Milkshakes*

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.2

1.7

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

1.7

2.0

Cheese*

2.8

2.2

3.0

2.2

3.1

2.2

2.5

2.0

2.8

2.1

3.0

2.1

Yoghourt, or other dairy products

4.7

2.2

4.7

2.2

4.7

2.2

4.7

2.2

4.6

2.3

4.7

2.3

Meat

3.5

1.9

3.6

1.8

3.8

1.8

3.5

1.9

3.5

1.9

3.8

1.8

Fish

2.6

1.6

2.6

1.4

2.7

1.5

2.7

1.6

2.6

1.5

2.8

1.5

Potato chips and other salty snacks*

2.0

1.3

1.9

1.3

1.6

1.2

2.1

1.3

1.9

1.1

1.7

1.1

Candy bars or chocolate

2.1

1.5

2.1

1.5

2.0

1.5

2.2

1.4

2.1

1.4

2.1

1.4

Biscuits, cakes, etc.

2.3

1.7

2.5

1.8

2.5

1.8

2.5

1.7

2.6

1.8

2.8

2.1

Pizza, chips, hamburgers

2.1

1.0

2.1

1.1

2.0

0.9

2.1

1.0

2.0

0.9

2.0

0.9

Eggs

2.2

1.3

2.4

1.4

2.3

1.3

2.1

1.0

2.3

1.1

2.3

1.2

Cereals

2.5

2.3

2.8

2.4

3.1

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.3

2.8

2.5

White bread

4.4

2.7

4.5

2.6

4.7

2.5

4.4

2.5

4.3

2.5

4.6

2.5

Whole-grain bread

0.8

1.7

0.8

1.8

0.9

1.8

0.7

1.7

0.8

1.7

1.0

1.8

Pasta

2.7

1.8

2.7

1.7

2.8

1.6

2.4

1.3

2.5

1.4

2.5

1.3

Fresh fruit*

3.9

2.4

4.5

2.4

5.3

2.2

4.1

2.4

4.6

2.3

5.3

2.2

Vegetables (excluding potatoes)*

2.8

1.9

3.2

2.0

3.8

2.1

2.8

2.0

3.5

2.1

4.0

2.1

Soft drinks containing sugar*

1.8

2.2

1.4

1.9

1.1

1.6

1.4

2.9

1.2

1.7

0.8

1.3

Diet/light soft drinks*

0.9

1.9

0.8

1.8

0.6

1.5

0.7

1.6

0.6

1.4

0.5

1.2

  1. * p < 0.05 for mean differences between educational level groups
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