Evaluating the effectiveness of an empowerment program for self-care in type 2 diabetes: a cluster randomized trial

Table 2 Comparison of the groups for anthropometric indicators and indicators of metabolic control, and secondary outcomes at baseline and after intervention

Variables	CG			IG			CG-IG (baseline)
Variables	Initial Time Mean ± SD	Final Time Mean ± SD	p*	Pre-education Mean ± SD	Post-education Mean ± SD	p*	p**
HbA1c	7.9 ± 1.9	8.1 ± 2.2	0.117	8.1 ± 2.0	7.5 ± 1.7	<0.001	0.632
TC	191.9 ± 39.5	180.8 ± 45.0	<0.001	187.4 ± 39.7	171.5 ± 39.2	<0.001	0.591
HDL	41.7 ± 11.3	47.5 ± 12.5	<0.001	43.9 ± 10.3	46.2 ± 11.3	<0.001	0.148
LDL	113.8 ± 35.8	95.9 ± 36.8	0.492	105.1 ± 32.9	89.6 ± 32.4	<0.001	0.278
VLDL	36.4 ± 22.3	37.9 ± 30.4	<0.001	38.7 ± 23.7	36.1 ± 21.7	0.069	0.335
TGL	180.2 ± 110.8	189.4 ± 152.0	0.409	192.7 ± 119.3	180.8 ± 108.6	0.092	0.251
BMI	30.0 ± 6.0	29.9 ± 5.9	0.393	30.7 ± 5.8	30.5 ± 5.5	0.345	0.445
SBP	132.1 ± 16.2	135.2 ± 19.5	0.097	130.0 ± 18.3	129.1 ± 18.3	0.642	0.249
DBP	82.8 ± 13.0	83.6 ± 12.0	0.531	82.4 ± 11.9	79.3 ± 10.1	0.024	0.827
WC	96.0 ± 12.9	96.1 ± 12.9	0.197	98.2 ± 11.4	98.3 ± 11.4	0.226	0.252
SLC	3.9 ± 1.2	3.3 ± 1.1	0.820	3.4 ± 1.1	4.2 ± 1.2	<0.001	0.619
KNW	9.0 ± 2.1	9.2 ± 2.6	0.366	9.2 ± 2.3	12.6 ± 1.7	<0.001	0.603
ATT	63.1 ± 10.7	68.4 ± 11.0	<0.001	61.9 ± 9.4	78.2 ± 11.9	<0.001	0.270
EPW	3.7 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.5	<0.001	3.7 ± 0.4	4.1 ± 0.4	<0.001	0.817

* Nested ANOVA using a block factor for comparison before and after intra group
** Nested ANOVA for comparison between groups at baseline
CG Control Group, IG Intervention group, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, TC Total Cholesterol, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, TGL Triglycerides, BMI Body mass index, SBP and DBP Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, WC Waist circumference, SLC Self-care for DM2, KNW Knowledge for DM2, ATT Attitude for DM2, EPW Empowerment for DM2

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