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Table 3 Psychological, social, and mechanical work factors as predictors of disability retirement

From: Psychological, social, and mechanical work exposures and disability retirement: a prospective registry study

Factor Number HRa 99% CI P-value for trend
Decision demands     0.411
 Low 986 1.00   
 Middle 4890 0.82 0.56–1.21  
 High 5958 0.86 0.58–1.26  
Quantitative demands     0.035
 Low 4012 1.00   
 Middle 4686 1.14 0.87–1.49  
 High 3318 1.28 0.95–1.73  
Role clarity     0.913
 Low 386 1.00   
 Middle 1478 0.60 0.30–1.18  
 High 10283 0.70 0.39–1.25  
Role conflict     0.020
 Low 5797 1.00   
 Middle 5042 1.25 0.99–1.59  
 High 1312 1.55 1.07–2.24  
Positive challengeb     0.027
 Low 440 1.00   
 Middle 1983 0.68 0.40–1.17  
 High 8675 0.56 0.34–0.93  
Control over work intensity     <0.001
 Low 3461 1.00   
 Middle 2406 0.84 0.62–1.14  
 High 6227 0.62 0.47–0.82  
Decision controlc     0.005
 Low 4057 1.00   
 Middle 4374 0.92 0.70–1.20  
 High 3135 0.70 0.48–1.01  
Predictability during the next month     0.998
 Low 568 1.00   
 Middle 1423 1.70 0.88–3.32  
 High 10159 1.22 0.66–2.23  
Support from immediate superiord     0.826
 Low 989 1.00   
 Middle 2517 1.06 0.67–1.67  
 High 8343 0.96 0.60–1.52  
Empowering leadership     0.175
 Low 2930 1.00   
 Middle 4260 0.80 0.60–1.05  
 High 4935 0.86 0.65–1.13  
Fair leadership     0.001
 Low 753 1.00   
 Middle 2175 0.61 0.40–0.93  
 High 9064 0.56 0.39–0.81  
Innovative climatebde     0.035
 Low 787 1.00   
 Middle 3703 0.85 0.53–1.37  
 High 6484 1.04 0.64–1.71  
Social climatede     0.528
 Low 584 1.00   
 Middle 2947 0.89 0.53–1.50  
 High 7826 0.92 0.54–1.56  
Human resource primacy     0.110
 Low 2886 1.00   
 Middle 4566 0.79 0.59–1.04  
 High 4210 0.79 0.59–1.05  
Physical workloadc     <0.001
 Low 7115 1.00   
 Middle 3075 1.26 0.94–1.68  
 High 1631 1.93 1.39–2.68  
Working with arms raised to or above shoulder levelcf     0.058
 Low 8040 1.00   
 Middle 2434 1.15 0.84–1.58  
 High 1314 1.21 0.83–1.76  
  1. N number of subjects, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for sex, age group, skill level, and sickness absence in the 3 years prior to response caused by cardiovascular disease, respiratory illnesses, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, or cancer
  3. bAdjusted for decision control
  4. cAdjusted for control over work intensity
  5. dAdjusted for fair leadership
  6. eAdjusted for human resource primacy
  7. fAdjusted for physical workload
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