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Table. 1 Five steps and accompanying components of the dietary education intervention

From: A randomized-controlled trial focusing on socio-economic status for promoting vegetable intake among adults using a web-based nutrition intervention programme: study protocol

Step

Stages of change and message

No

Items

Topics

Practice points (e.g., worksheets)

Behavioral science theory

Behavioral modification technique

Health literacy

Processes of change

1

Precontemplation → Contemplation (Encourage interest in vegetables)

1

Today's points

Eating a lot of vegetables is good for our health

 

Health belief model

Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information

Dramatic relief, raising awareness

2

Do you know?

It is recommended that we consume 350 g of vegetables per day

Points: 350 g of vegetables = 5 servings

Cognitive behavior theory

Cognitive restructuring

Seeking information from various sources, Considering the credibility of the information

Dramatic relief, raising awareness

3

Easy to devise

Self-check!

Counting the number of vegetable dishes

Self-check: How many vegetable dishes (servings) do you eat per day?

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Self-monitoring

Considering the credibility of the information

Raising awareness

4

Let's try it!

Live a healthy life by eating vegetables daily

Worksheet: record the number of vegetable dishes (servings) that you ate daily.

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Subjective norm, self-monitoring

Considering the credibility of the information, Making decisions based on the information

Raising awareness

2

Contemplation → Preparation (Try to increase number of vegetable dishes by one (+1))

1

Today's points

You decide your one dish (+1)

Points: Let's choose the “ + 1” with the confidence so we can practice it at home and in restaurants.

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Contingency management

Extracting relevant information

Self-reevaluation

2

Do you know?

At home: Point the convenience

easy recipes for your one dish (+1)

 

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Role playing

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information

Raising awareness, counterconditioning

3

Easy to devise

Eating out: How to choose simple dishes depending on your one dish (+1)

 

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Role playing

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information

Raising awareness, counterconditioning

4

Let's try it!

Let's do so!

Eat your one dish (+1) from today onwards

Worksheets: I will try my “ + 1” for today's meal!

Stimulus-response theory, social cognitive theory

Stimulus control, goal setting, self-monitoring

Extracting relevant information, Making decisions based on the information

Self-liberation

3

Contemplation

→Preparation

(Meals can be opportunities to evaluate one's dietary balance)

1

Today's points

Eat a proper meal based on your confidence in the future of your health

Points: Let's check whether a meal contains everything (i.e., a staple food, a main dish, side dish) or not.

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Contingency management, commitment

Extracting relevant information

Self-reevaluation

2

Do you know?

At home: Tonight's dinner is now OK

 

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Role playing

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information, Making decisions based on the information

Raising awareness, counterconditioning

3

Easy to devise

Eating out: balance achieved by combining foods is OK

Try: Let's choose meal that contains a staple food, main dish, side dish when eating out or at a convenience store.

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Role playing

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information, Making decisions based on the information

Raising awareness, counterconditioning

4

Let's try it!

Challenging your to balance your meal

Work sheets: I practice the goal that this myself decided!

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Role playing, commitment, self-monitoring, behavior analysis

Extracting relevant information, Understanding and communicating the information, Making decisions based on the information

Self-liberation

4

Preparation

→Action

(Precautions for a healthy diet)

1

Today's points

What do you do if you cannot eat?

 

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Contingency management

Seeking information from various sources

Environmental reevaluation

2

Do you know?

Practical examples: recommended measures

 

Stimulus-response theory

Stimulus control, counterconditioning

Extracting relevant information, Considering the credibility of the information, Making decisions based on the information

Stimulus control, counterconditioning

3

Easy to devise

Characteristics of those who are eating plenty of vegetables

Self-check: What precautions do you take? Check each item that applies!

Stimulus-response theory

Counterconditioning, modeling, self-monitoring, behavior analysis

Seeking information from various sources, Considering the credibility of the information, Extracting relevant information

Stimulus control, counterconditioning

4

Let's try it!

Devise a goal: Let's make precautions for when something does not work

Try: In case eating a “ + 1” does not go well, let's decide on a precaution beforehand.

Stimulus-response theory

Commitment, stimulus control

Extracting relevant information, Considering the credibility of the information, Making decisions based on the information

Stimulus control, self-liberation

5

Action

→Maintenance

(Healthy community helps us)

1

Today's points

Everyone's goal is to improve their health

 

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior, social network, social support

Contingency management, self-monitoring

Extracting relevant information, Considering the credibility of the information, Making decisions based on the information

Helping relationships, social liberation

2

Do you know?

Eat a delicious meal together with family and friends!

Self-check: What kind of topic do you talk about with family and friends?

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Subjective norms, self-monitoring

Extracting relevant information, Understanding and communicating the information, Making decisions based on the information

Helping relationships, social liberation

3

Easy to devise

Investigate safe diets in the community

Try: Let's look for a shop that supports health promotion in your community!

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Subjective norms

Seeking information from various sources, Extracting relevant information

Helping relationships, social liberation

4

Let's try it!

Let's be healthy by eating vegetables!

Spend a day having a fun diet

Try: Let's review a past topic!

Try: Let's settle on a “ + 1” that you can begin introducing to family and friends!

Free description: Questions and free comments

Social cognitive theory, theory of planned behavior

Commitment, self-monitoring, contingency management

Extracting relevant information, Considering the credibility of the information, Understanding and communicating the information, Making decisions based on the information

Social liberation