Table 2 GEE analysis examining differences in health warning label impact on smokeless tobacco user’s salience, perceptions, behaviour and intensions to quit smokeless between pre- and post-policy periods (Waves 1 and 2)

 Aware that SLT packages contain HWLs (yes)

72.7

67.1

77.7

73.0

67.3

78.1

0.3

2.9

0.1

0.92

 Noticed HWLs at least once in a while (yes)

34.3

28.5

40.6

28.1

21.8

35.4

−6.2

4.0

−1.5

0.13

Among respondents that noticed HWLs (n = 2154)

 Read HWLs at least once in a while (yes)

49.4

42.0

56.9

50.1

40.4

59.9

0.7

6.4

0.1

0.92

 HWLs made you think about risks of SLT at least a little (yes)

15.0

11.9

18.8

17.5

12.1

24.6

2.5

3.1

0.8

0.42

 HWLs made you think about quitting SLT at least a little (yes)

16.8

13.0

21.4

19.3

13.6

26.6

2.5

3.1

0.8

0.422

 Avoided looking at HWLs (yes)

8.1

5.5

11.8

11.6

7.8

17.0

3.6

2.0

1.7

0.09

 Gave up SLT at least once because of HWLs (yes)

31.3

24.3

39.3

36.7

27.2

47.5

5.4

4.9

1.1

0.27

 Any intentions to quit SLT (yes)

19.8

14.6

26.4

20.5

15.2

27.0

0.6

4.5

0.1

0.89