Table 4 Internal age-standardized mean values of metabolic risk factors for NCDs among 25–74 years old citizens in Yangon region, by sex and urban-rural location

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Mean ± SE

Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 0.37

21.9 ± 0.17

0.005*

25.8 ± 0.23

24.3 ± 0.16

<0.001*

24.5 ± 0.30

23.1 ± 0.15

0.002*

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

133.0 ± 0.94

131.3 ± 0.55

0.164

131.1 ± 1.72

128.3 ± 0.83

0.181

131.5 ± 0.95

130.0 ± 0.24

0.157

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

83.0 ± 0.84

80.8 ± 0.32

0.037*

82.2 ± 1.19

80.9 ± 0.47

0.337

82.3 ± 0.81

80.9 ± 0.26

0.112

Fasting blood glucose(mmo/L)

5.9 ± 0.10

5.4 ± 0.06

0.001*

5.9 ± 0.08

5.5 ± 0.11

0.015*

5.9 ± 0.08

5.5 ± 0.09

0.003*

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.5 ± 0.05

5.0 ± 0.09

0.002*

5.4 ± 0.05

5.4 ± 0.09

0.918

5.4 ± 0.05

5.2 ± 0.08

0.037*

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.9 ± 0.07

1.5 ± 0.07

0.002*

1.6 ± 0.04

1.4 ± 0.09

0.158

1.7 ± 0.05

1.4 ± 0.08

0.015*

High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.01

1.3 ± 0.02

0.006*

1.1 ± 0.01

1.3 ± 0.01

<0.001*

1.1 ± 0.01

1.3 ± 0.01

<0.001*