Table 3 Adjusted association between depressive symptoms and its determinants based on logistic regression

 60–64

Ref

 65–74

0.85

0.059

−2.29

0.022

0.747

0.977

 ≥ 75

0.70

0.070

−3.58

<0.001

0.575

0.851

 Men

Ref

 Women

1.82

0.164

6.64

<0.001

1.524

2.168

 Living alone

1.41

0.153

3.13

0.002

1.136

1.740

 Living with their spouse

0.96

0.065

−0.54

0.588

0.846

1.100

 Other arrangement

Ref

Income

0.91

0.033

−2.73

0.006

0.844

0.973

 Illiterate

1.32

0.182

2.02

0.044

1.008

1.729

 Capable of reading or writing

1.41

0.193

2.51

0.012

1.078

1.843

 Elementary school

1.11

0.148

0.77

0.439

0.853

1.441

 Middle school and above

Ref

 Yes

0.86

0.059

−2.18

0.029

0.752

0.985

 No

Ref

 Urban-eastern

Ref

 Rural-eastern

1.52

0.181

3.51

<0.001

1.202

1.918

 Urban-central

1.38

0.180

2.45

0.014

1.066

1.779

 Rural-central

1.78

0.211

4.9

<0.001

1.416

2.250

 Urban-west

1.58

0.206

3.51

<0.001

1.224

2.041

 Rural-west

2.87

0.333

9.06

<0.001

2.282

3.598

Social activity

0.86

0.035

−3.82

<0.001

0.791

0.927

 Yes

1.17

0.101

1.84

0.065

0.990

1.387

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.65

0.195

4.25

<0.001

1.311

2.084

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.83

0.254

4.34

<0.001

1.393

2.401

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.42

0.130

3.83

<0.001

1.187

1.698

 No

Ref

 Yes

1.11

0.092

1.28

0.202

0.945

1.307

 No

Ref

 _cons

1.80

0.695

1.53

0.125

0.848

3.839