Estimating the mental health costs of racial discrimination

BMC Public Health

Table 2 List of association between EOD and health outcomes categorised by major illnesses

Illness/Health outcome	Statistical outcome
Illness/Health outcome	Odds ratio	Lower limit (95% CI)	Upper limit (95% CI)	Z-value	P-value	Total sample size	Number of associations
A. Exposure response: yes/no
Anxiety	2.050	1.758	2.391	9.140	0.000	13,216	13
Depression	2.051	1.811	2.323	11.319	0.000	70,115	32
PTSD	4.560	2.656	7.829	5.501	0.000	212	2
Psychological disorders	2.584	2.068	3.137	9.318	0.000	13,705	3
B. Exposure response: 3-point and over
Anxiety	2.275	1.619	3.279	4.922	0.019	11,228	37
Depression	2.386	1.987	2.870	9.499	0.005	53,115	90
PTSD	3.756	2.225	6.637	5.248	0.040	2021	9
Psychological disorders	2.018	1.445	2.944	4.793	0.030	3946	11

Note: This table reports the effect size of the association between EOD and health outcomes categorised by response types from a meta-analysis [14]. Panel A is based on a dichotomous measure of EOD while panel B is based on EOD measured as a categorical variable with 3-point and over response options

ISSN: 1471-2458