Table 4 Relationship of various characteristics and depressive symptoms, chi-square test analyses of variance followed by Bonferroni adjustment (N = 13107)
Variables | CES-D < 10 | CES-D ≥ 10 | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |||
Gender | ||||
Male | 4313 (69.30) | 1911 (30.70) | 256.776 | 0.000 |
Female | 3834 (55.70) | 3049 (44.30) | ||
Age (years) | ||||
45-49 | 1741 (68.44) | 803 (31.56) | 88.867 | 0.000 |
50-54 | 1251 (64.99) | 674 (35.01) | ||
55-59 | 1705 (62.71) | 1014 (37.29) | ||
60-64 | 1358 (59.22) | 935 (40.78) | ||
65-69 | 880 (58.16) | 633 (41.84) | ||
≥ 70 | 1212 (57.36) | 901 (42.64) | ||
Education | ||||
Illiterate | 1922 (52.41) | 1745 (47.59) | 366.146 | 0.000 |
Less than elementary school | 5082 (63.33) | 2943 (36.67) | ||
High school | 719 (78.67) | 195 (21.33) | ||
Above vocational school | 424 (84.63) | 77 (15.37) | ||
Marital status | ||||
Single | 835 (48.92) | 872 (51.08) | 146.294 | 0.000 |
Married | 7312 (64.14) | 4088 (35.86) | ||
Hukou | ||||
Non-agricultural hukou | 6268 (59.24) | 4312 (40.76) | 198.071 | 0.000 |
Agricultural hukou | 1879 (74.36) | 648 (25.64) | ||
Current residence | ||||
Rural | 4793 (58.01) | 3470 (41.99) | 163.867 | 0.000 |
Urban | 3354 (69.24) | 1490 (30.76) | ||
Smoke | ||||
NO | 4657 (59.28) | 3199 (40.72) | 69.383 | 0.000 |
Former smoke | 800 (67.17) | 391 (32.83) | ||
Current smoke | 2690 (66.26) | 1370 (33.74) | ||
Drinking | ||||
NO | 5201 (59.10) | 3600 (40.90) | 108.573 | 0.000 |
Less than once a month | 694 (66.67) | 347 (33.33) | ||
More than once a month | 2252 (68.97) | 1013 (31.03) | ||
Eating meals | ||||
≤ 2 meals per day | 878 (50.32) | 867 (49.68) | 121.020 | 0.000 |
3 meals per day | 7129 (63.91) | 4025 (36.09) | ||
≥ 4 meals per day | 140 (67.31) | 68 (32.69) | ||
Taking activities | ||||
No | 3783 (58.07) | 2732 (41.93) | 92.198 | 0.000 |
Yes | 4364 (66.20) | 2228 (33.80) | ||
Ever been in major accidental injury | ||||
NO | 7437 (62.88) | 4391 (37.12) | 26.610 | 0.000 |
Yes | 710 (55.51) | 569 (44.49) | ||
Self-report health status | ||||
Very poor | 779 (36.13) | 1377 (63.87) | 1210.827 | 0.000 |
Poor | 2735 (56.96) | 2067 (43.04) | ||
Fair | 3002 (71.61) | 1190 (28.39) | ||
Good | 1276 (82.54) | 270 (17.46) | ||
Very good | 355 (86.37) | 56 (13.63) | ||
Having regular physical exercises | ||||
No physical exercise | 5011 (61.59) | 3125 (38.41) | 11.765 | 0.003 |
Less than regular physical exercises | 1503 (61.02) | 960 (38.98) | ||
Regular physical exercises | 1633 (65.11) | 875 (34.89) | ||
BMI | ||||
Underweight | 442 (48.79) | 464 (51.21) | 113.589 | 0.000 |
Average | 4207 (60.77) | 2716 (39.23) | ||
Overweight | 2494 (65.86) | 1293 (34.14) | ||
Obese | 1004 (67.34) | 487 (32.66) | ||