Table 2 Summary of identified themes and sub-themes mapped to theoretical constructs

 Low awareness of health apps

N/A

 Lack of need for health apps

Performance expectancy^a; perceived usefulness^b; perceived behavioral control^c; compatibility^d; outcome expectations^e

 Lack of app literacy

Facilitating conditions^a; perceived ease of use^b; ease of use^c

 Cost

Price value^a

 Lack of time (and effort)

Effort expectancy^a

 Lack of motivation and discipline

 Social competition

Social influence^a descriptive norms^b,c,d subjective norms^b,c,d; visibility^e

 Intangible rewards

Self-reactance^f

 Tangible rewards

Self-reactance^f

 Hedonic factor

Hedonic motivation^a

 Internal dedication and motivation

N/A

 Information and personalized guidance

Modeling^f; Tailoring^g

 Tracking for awareness and progress

Self-observation^f. self-regulation^h

 Credibility

N/A

 Goal setting

Goal setting theoryⁱ

 Reminder

Cues to action^j

 Sharing personalized information

N/A