Table 2 List of identified factors by cluster in ascending order

 3

Actual Body Mass Index

3.6 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 1.1

3.4 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 0.9

3.4 ± 1.0

0.032

 4

Actual PA level

4.1 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 0.8

3.9 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 0.8

4.0 ± 1.0

n.s.

 5

Addictions (Smoking Gambling Drugs)

3.0 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.2^b

3.2 ± 1.1^a

2.9 ± 1.2

0.015

 7

Age

2.4 ± 1.0

1.8 ± 1.4

3.0 ± 1.4^c

3.2 ± 1.4

3.7 ± 1.3^a

0.002

 10

Beliefs/Values

3.3 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.2

3.6 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.1

n.s.

 11

Capability to Combine Sport and Education/Work Requirements (Dual Career)

3.1 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 1.3^c

3.8 ± 1.1^c

1.7 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 14

Cognitive Function

3.0 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.3^c

3.1 ± 1.2^c

3.9 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 15

Conscious Control of Automated Body Movements

3.0 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.2

3.2 ± 1.3

n.s.

 23

Emotions

3.3 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 1.3

3.5 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.1

n.s.

 26

Fear of Injuries/Falling

3.1 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 1.1^bc

2.9 ± 0.9^ac

4.6 ± 0.6^ab

<0.001

 27

Feeling of Inadequacy (Too Clumsy/Too Old)/Teasing

3.3 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 0.8^c

3.6 ± 1.1^b

0.024

 31

Gender

2.1 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.3

2.7 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 1.2

n.s.

 33

Genetics/Talent

2.0 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.2^bc

2.4 ± 1.2^a

2.2 ± 1.3^a

<0.001

 38

Health Status

3.7 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 0.9

3.4 ± 1.1^bc

4.0 ± 0.9^ac

4.4 ± 0.8^ab

<0.001

 39

Hormesis (Dose–response)/Training Response

2.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.0

n.s.

 41

Intentions/Attitudes

3.5 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 1.1

3.8 ± 1.1

n.s.

 44

Job/Occupation-Related Energy Expenditure

2.8 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.2

2.2 ± 1.1^b

3.7 ± 1.1^ac

2.0 ± 1.1^ab

<0.001

 46

Level of Autonomy/Time Management

3.4 ± 0.7

3.4 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.0^bc

3.9 ± 1.0^ac

3.4 ± 1.1^ab

<0.001

 47

Life Satisfaction

3.4 ± 0.8

3.3 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.2^bc

3.7 ± 1.0^a

3.8 ± 1.0^a

<0.001

 57

Overweight/Obesity In Previous Years

2.6 ± 0.7

2.0 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.1^b

3.5 ± 1.1^a

3.3 ± 1.1

0.028

 64

Past Exercise Behaviour/Experience

2.7 ± 0.8

1.9 ± 1.2

3.2 ± 1.2^c

3.5 ± 1.1

3.8 ± 1.1^a

0.003

 65

Perceived Barriers

3.4 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.1^c

3.6 ± 1.0^c

4.1 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 66

Perceived Benefits of PA

3.7 ± 0.7

3.7 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.2^bc

3.9 ± 1.0^a

4.0 ± 0.9^a

<0.001

 67

Perceived Fatigue/Adverse Physiological Response

3.3 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.1^c

3.4 ± 1.0§

3.9 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 68

Perceived Safe Environment

3.3 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.2§

3.3 ± 0.9^c

4.0 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 70

Perceived Stress/Life Stressors

3.1 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.2^bc

3.7 ± 0.9^ac

3.3 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 71

Personal Goals/Outcome Expectancies/Achievement Orientation/Motivation

3.8 ± 0.7

3.8 ± 1.0

3.6 ± 1.2^a

4.1 ± 1.0^a

3.8 ± 1.0

0.026

 72

Personality Traits

2.8 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 1.2

3.4 ± 1.2

3.3 ± 1.3

n.s.

 73

Physical Fitness Levels (Strength, Endurance, Coordination, Agility, Flexibility)

3.9 ± 0.7

3.9 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.0^c

4.1 ± 1.0^b

0.022

 76

Psychological Disorders (Depression, Eating Disorders, Emotional Symptoms)

3.1 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.2^c

3.4 ± 1.2

3.6 ± 1.0^a

0.002

 85

Self PA Monitoring

3.5 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.2^b

3.6 ± 0.8^ac

3.2 ± 0.9^b

0.002

 86

Self Perceptions (Awareness, Confidence, Efficacy, Body Image, PA level)

3.6 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.0

n.s.

 87

Self-Regulatory Ability

3.2 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 1.2

3.0 ± 1.0^bc

3.4 ± 1.1^a

3.5 ± 0.9^a

0.003

 88

Sensation Seeking

2.6 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 1.8

3.0 ± 1.3^c

2.9 ± 1.2^c

2.2 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 89

Sleep Quality/Quantity

3.2 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.2^c

3.3 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.0^a

0.012

 98

Sub-Pathology/Pathology/Injuries/Pain/Rehabilitation

3.0 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.2^bc

3.2 ± 1.1^ac

4.0 ± 1.1^ab

<0.001

 100

Time Availability

3.3 ± 0.7

3.2 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.0^bc

4.2 ± 0.8^ac

2.8 ± 1.1^ab

<0.001

 22

Educational Level (Parents/Relatives)

2.6 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 1.2

3.4 ± 1.1^c

3.2 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.3^a

0.003

 25

Ethnicity

1.9 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.1

2.2 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.2

n.s.

 51

Marital Status (for Children: Marital Status of Parents)

2.4 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 1.0^bc

2.8 ± 1.1^a

2.7 ± 1.2^a

<0.001

 63

Parents/Relatives/Peers Body Mass Index

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.1^c

2.8 ± 1.1^c

2.2 ± 1.1^ab

<0.001

 69

Perceived Social Role

3.0 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.3

3.1 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.0

n.s.

 81

Rewards (Encouragement/Support)

3.5 ± 0.8

3.7 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.2^bc

3.2 ± 1.0^a

3.1 ± 1.0^a

<0.001

 90

Social Competence/Role

3.0 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.0

n.s.

 91

Social Economic Status/Personal Income (for Children: Parents’ Income)/ Level of Education

2.9 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.0

n.s.

 1

Academic Training Programmes for Health Practitioners

3.2 ± 0.8

3.7 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.2

n.s.

 8

Architecture and Urbanization (Availability/Access/Proximity of Elevators

Escalators Facilities In Public Buildings)

3.0 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.0^bc

3.2 ± 1.1^a

3.5 ± 1.1^a

<0.001

 9

Availability/Access/Proximity of PA Organized Sport Facilities Tools

3.6 ± 0.7

3.4 ± 1.0

3.9 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 0.9

3.7 ± 1.0

n.s.

 12

City Planning

3.0 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.1

n.s.

 13

City/Nation Density

2.0 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 0.9

2.1 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.1

n.s.

 16

Corporate Social Responsibilities

2.6 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.0

2.1 ± 1.0^b

2.7 ± 1.1^a

2.3 ± 1.1

0.004

 17

Corporate Social Responsibility Interventions

2.8 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 1.2^b

2.9 ± 1.1^ac

2.3 ± 1.2^b

0.001

 20

Distance to School/Work/Destination

3.0 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 0.9^c

3.5 ± 1.1^c

2.8 ± 1.4^ab

<0.001

 21

Education Policies

2.9 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.1^bc

2.3 ± 1.1^a

2.1 ± 1.1^a

<0.001

 24

Environmental Policies

3.0 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.0

n.s.

 28

Financial Measures and Regulation for PA and Sport

3.0 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 1.1

n.s.

 29

Fiscal Advantages For Sport Clubs/PA Services

2.9 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 1.1

n.s.

 30

Funding for Sport Federation

2.7 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 1.0^c

2.5 ± 1.0^c

2.1 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 37

Health Education

3.5 ± 0.7

3.7 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 1.2

3.3 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.0

n.s.

 40

Indoor Condition (Air Conditioning)

2.8 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 0.9^c

2.4 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.0^a

<0.001

 45

Leisure Activity Subsidy

3.0 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.1

n.s.

 48

Lobbying

2.4 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 1.3

1.9 ± 1.0

2.3 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.0

n.s.

 50

Mandatory PA in Community/Schools

3.1 ± 0.8

3.4 ± 1.1

4.0 ± 1.0^bc

2.4 ± 1.1^a

2.3 ± 1.3^a

<0.001

 53

Media and Advertising Regulation by Public Authorities Corporate Social

Responsibility Programmes

3.0 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 1.0

n.s.

 54

Mobility Policy

2.8 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1.0^c

2.6 ± 1.1^c

3.1 ± 1.2^ab

<0.001

 56

Outdoor Condition (Pollution and Weather-Season)

2.6 ± 0.6

2.3 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.0^c

3.0 ± 0.9^c

3.4 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 58

PA and Sport Organizations Advocacy

3.1 ± 0.9

3.2 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.2

n.s.

 59

PA Education (at School/Work)/Knowledge of Effects of PA

3.4 ± 0.9

3.6 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 1.1^bc

3.2 ± 1.3^a

2.8 ± 1.1^a

<0.001

 60

PA Programs in School/Office/Community

3.6 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 1.0^bc

3.4 ± 1.1^a

3.4 ± 1.2^a

<0.001

 61

PA Programs/Plans

3.6 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 1.1

3.8 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 1.1

n.s.

 77

Public Health

3.0 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 1.1^bc

3.1 ± 1.1^a

3.4 ± 1.1^a

<0.001

 78

Public Organized Sport Events/PA Activities (Field Trips)

3.4 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.1

n.s.

 79

Public Transport Policies

3.0 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.1

3.2 ± 1.0

n.s.

 80

Public Transport System

3.1 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.1^c

3.4 ± 1.0^b

0.034

 82

Rights of Citizenship

1.9 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 1.1

1.7 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.9

1.7 ± 0.9

n.s.

 83

School/Office Hours

2.7 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.1^bc

3.8 ± 0.9^ac

1.7 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 84

School/Office Space

2.7 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.1^c

3.2 ± 1.2^c

1.6 ± 0.8^ab

<0.001

 96

Sport Science Research

3.1 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 1.1

n.s.

 97

Sports Facilities

3.4 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 0.9^c

3.7 ± 0.8^c

3.2 ± 0.9^ab

0.001

 102

Traffic

2.7 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.0

2.9 ± 1.2

n.s.

 103

Traffic Policies

2.8 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.2

n.s.

 104

Transport Policies

2.9 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.1^c

2.8 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.2^a

0.014

 106

Urban Planning Policies

3.0 ± 1.0

3.0 ± 1.2

2.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.2

3.0 ± 1.2

n.s.

 6

Advertisement

3.1 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.1^c

2.8 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.1^a

0.004

 18

Cultural Climate

2.6 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.2

n.s.

 19

Cyber Space

2.7 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 1.3

3.3 ± 1.4^bc

2.5 ± 1.1^ac

1.8 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 32

Gender Equality

2.6 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.3

2.8 ± 1.2^c

2.3 ± 1.0^b

0.040

 35

Group Activity (Outdoor/Indoor)

3.6 ± 0.7

3.5 ± 0.9

3.8 ± 0.8^b

3.5 ± 0.8^a

3.8 ± 0.9

0.016

 42

Internet Availability

3.1 ± 0.9

3.4 ± 1.2

3.3 ± 1.2^bc

2.7 ± 1.2^ac

2.1 ± 1.0^ab

<0.001

 49

Local/National/Traditions Identity

2.3 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.2

2.5 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.1

n.s.

 52

Media

3.2 ± 0.8

3.3 ± 1.1

3.4 ± 1.1^c

3.0 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.0^a

0.001

 94

Social Media

3.2 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 1.2

3.7 ± 1.2^bc

3.0 ± 1.0^ac

2.2 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 95

Social Trends

3.0 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 1.2^c

3.2 ± 1.0^c

2.6 ± 0.9^ab

<0.001

 105

Tv Exposure

3.6 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.2

3.8 ± 1.1^bc

3.3 ± 1.1^a

3.1 ± 1.4^a

0.001

 34

Group (Family Peers Partner) PA Behaviours

3.5 ± 0.6

3.1 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 0.9^bc

3.6 ± 1.0^a

3.7 ± 1.0^a

0.010

 36

Group Health Habits

3.4 ± 0.8

3.2 ± 1.1

3.7 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.0

3.8 ± 0.9

n.s.

 62

Parents/Relatives’ Concern About the Environment

2.5 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.1^bc

2.0 ± 0.9^a

2.4 ± 1.1^a

<0.001

 92

Social Expectation

2.9 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 1.1^c

3.1 ± 0.9

2.8 ± 0.9^a

0.032

 93

Social Inclusion

3.1 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 1.1

3.1 ± 1.0

3.5 ± 1.1

n.s.

 99

Support of Family/Peers/Partner

3.7 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 0.9

4.2 ± 0.9

3.8 ± 0.9

4.0 ± 0.9

n.s.

 2

Access to Personal/Family/Peer Transport

3.2 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.0

3.1 ± 1.1^c

3.5 ± 1.0^b

0.028

 43

Involvement in Organized Sport

3.7 ± 0.8

3.7 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 0.9^bc

3.6 ± 1.0^ac

3.2 ± 1.2^ab

<0.001

 55

Number of Household Cars/Car Ownership

2.7 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 1.0

n.s.

 74

Physician Advices

3.4 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 1.3

2.6 ± 1.0^bc

3.3 ± 0.9^ac

4.1 ± 0.8^ab

<0.001

 75

Private Environment (Home/Backyard Space)

3.1 ± 0.9

2.9 ± 1.1

3.3 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.0^c

3.5 ± 1.1^b

0.023

 101

Time Spent Outdoor/Playing Spaces

3.6 ± 0.8

3.7 ± 0.9

4.1 ± 0.9^bc

3.1 ± 1.1^a

3.2 ± 1.2^a

<0.001