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Table 3 Multivariate comparison of factors associated with overweight vs normal weight, obese vs normal weight and overweight/obese vs normal weight, by site

From: Urban–rural and geographic differences in overweight and obesity in four sub-Saharan African adult populations: a multi-country cross-sectional study

Factor

Rural Uganda

Peri-urban

Nigeria

Tanzania

South Africa

 

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

AOR (95 % CI)

Overweight vs Normal weight

Sex

p = 0.35

*p < 0.0001

p = 0.20

p = 0.82

p = 0.84

 Male

1

1

1

1

1

 Female

1.40 (0.66, 2.98)

5.66 (2.69, 11.91)

0.46 (0.14, 1.45)

1.18 (0.35, 3.97)

0.87 (0.46, 1.67)

Age Group, Years

p = 0.14

p = 0.48

*p = 0.002

p = 0.91

*p < 0.0001

 18–34

1

1

1

1

1

 35–44

1.18 (0.54, 2.59)

0.98 (0.38, 2.55)

4.16 (1.10, 15.7)

0.58 (0.17, 1.95)

4.49 (1.49, 13.57)

 > = 45

0.40 (0.14, 1.11)

1.54 (0.58, 4.08)

13.46

0.94 (0.26, 3.47)

7.90

(2.19, 82.17)

(2.68, 23.28)

Marital Status

p = 0.50

p = 0.08

p = 0.42

p = 0.61

p = 0.25

 Never married

1

1

1

1

1

 Married/living together

1.53

2.47 (1.00, 6.13)

0.49 (0.13, 1.82)

3.18 (0.73, 13.82)

1.36 (0.55, 3.32)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

(0.12, 19.17)

2.81 (1.62, 4.88)

Empty

1.68 (0.22, 12.77)

1.78 (0.58, 5.49)

2.82

(0.19, 43.78)

Obesity vs Normal weight

Sex

*p = 0.002

*p < 0.0001

p = 0.34

* = 0.92

*p = 0.02

 Male

1

1

1

1

1

 Female

11.22

27.80

0.68

0.81

2.17

(2.27, 55.40)

(7.13, 108.41)

(0.21, 2.21)

(0.26, 2.51)

(1.19, 4.00)

Age Group, Years

p = 0.07

p = 1.18

p = 0.09

p = 0.46

*p < 0.0001

 18–34

1

1

1

1

1

 35–44

0.88 (0.24, 3.21)

1.79 (0.45, 7.10)

0.93 (0.24, 3.65)

0.49 (0.16, 1.52)

3.65 (1.48, 9.00)

 > = 45

0.11 (0.01, 1.27)

3.77(0.85, 16.67)

5.19(0.85, 31.88)

0.59 (0.17, 2.06)

5.49(2.27, 13.29)

Marital Status

p = 0.31

p = 0.07

p = 0.21

p = 0.41

p = 0.82

 Never married

1

1

1

1

1

 Married/living together

0.33 (0.02, 7.09)

2.22 (0.49, 9.96)

0.40 (0.12, 1.32)

3.36 (0.84, 13.40)

1.26 (0.58, 2.77)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

0.19 (0.01, 7.78)

Omitted

Empty

2.30 (0.34, 15.42)

0.96 (0.43, 2.70)

Overweight/Obese vs Normal weight

Sex

*p = 0.04

*p < 0.0001

p = 0.19

p = 0.92

p = 0.11

 Male

1

1

1

1

1

 Female

1.96 (0.96, 3.97)

8.01(4.02, 15.96)

0.52 (0.19, 1.34)

0.98 (0.34, 2.69)

1.57 (0.89, 2.76)

Age Group, Years

p = 0.10

p = 0.31

*p = 0.004

p = 0.70

*p < 0.0001

 18–34

1

1

1

1

1

 35–44

1.18 (0.56, 2.49)

1.07 (0.45, 2.52)

2.26 (0.75, 6.79)

0.49 (0.17, 1.44)

3.81 (1.67, 8.70)

 > = 45

0.38(0.13, 0.97)

1.79 (0.74, 4.34)

9.11(1.72, 48.16)

0.68 (0.21, 2.21)

6.22 (2.75, 14.07)

Marital Status

p = 0.87

*p = 0.01

p = 0.18

p = 0.43

p = 0.53

 Never married

1

1

1

1

1

 Married/living together

0.90 (0.11, 7.61)

3.93 (1.60, 9.64)

0.43 (0.15, 1.24)

3.48 (1.00, 12.15)

1.27 (0.60, 2.67)

 Separated/divorced/widowed

1.33(0.13, 13.77)

3.87(1.10, 13.56)

Empty

2.17 (0.39, 12.09)

1.23 (0.46, 3.26)

  1. * = significant at p < 0.05