|
Characteristics
|
Men (N = 6937)
|
Women (N = 9333)
|
|---|
|
Junior high school or less
|
Senior high school
|
College or more
|
p
|
Junior high school or less
|
Senior high school
|
College or more
|
p
|
|---|
|
Rate
|
(SE)
|
Rate
|
(SE)
|
Rate
|
(SE)
| |
Rate
|
(SE)
|
Rate
|
(SE)
|
Rate
|
(SE)
| |
|---|
|
All participants
|
31.9
|
(1.3)
|
38.0
|
(1.3)
|
40.5
|
(1.3)
|
<.001
|
39.7
|
(1.0)
|
30.0
|
(1.2)
|
17.1
|
(1.0)
|
<.001
|
|
Smoking status
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
Non-smoking
|
34.3
|
(1.6)
|
36.4
|
(1.8)
|
40.5
|
(1.7)
|
.04
|
40.3
|
(1.0)
|
29.5
|
(1.2)
|
16.9
|
(1.0)
|
<.001
|
|
Smoking
|
28.4
|
(2.1)
|
36.6
|
(1.8)
|
40.5
|
(2.0)
|
<.001
|
30.5
|
(3.7)
|
34.6
|
(4.3)
|
21.4
|
(5.2)
|
.15
|
|
Risk from drinking alcohol
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
No or low risk
|
29.7
|
(1.6)
|
31.3
|
(1.7)
|
35.5
|
(1.9)
|
.05
|
38.6
|
(1.1)
|
29.9
|
(1.4)
|
18.1
|
(1.2)
|
<.001
|
|
Medium or higher risk
|
35.2
|
(2.3)
|
42.2
|
(1.7)
|
43.7
|
(1.7)
|
.02
|
44.7
|
(2.5)
|
30.1
|
(2.1)
|
15.4
|
(1.6)
|
<.001
|
|
Physical exercise
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
Active
|
34.1
|
(2.8)
|
38.6
|
(2.8)
|
39.5
|
(2.6)
|
.41
|
41.6
|
(2.4)
|
32.6
|
(2.5)
|
25.0
|
(3.4)
|
<.001
|
|
Inactive
|
31.4
|
(1.5)
|
37.8
|
(1.5)
|
40.8
|
(1.4)
|
<.001
|
39.3
|
(1.1)
|
29.4
|
(1.3)
|
15.8
|
(1.0)
|
<.001
|
|
Sleep duration
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
Long
|
31.2
|
(1.7)
|
38.0
|
(1.5)
|
39.0
|
(1.7)
|
.01
|
39.6
|
(1.3)
|
28.5
|
(1.4)
|
15.2
|
(1.2)
|
<.001
|
|
Short
|
32.8
|
(2.0)
|
37.9
|
(2.0)
|
42.6
|
(1.8)
|
<.01
|
39.8
|
(1.4)
|
32.4
|
(1.8)
|
21.1
|
(1.8)
|
<.001
|
|
Energy intake
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
Not under-reported
|
26.8
|
(1.5)
|
33.7
|
(1.5)
|
37.2
|
(1.5)
|
<.001
|
36.1
|
(1.1)
|
26.0
|
(1.2)
|
14.8
|
(1.0)
|
<.001
|
|
Under-reported
|
45.2
|
(2.7)
|
49.3
|
(2.6)
|
49.6
|
(2.4)
|
.48
|
56.9
|
(2.5)
|
46.6
|
(2.9)
|
29.6
|
(3.0)
|
<.001
|
|
Stress
| | | | | | |
<.001*
| | | | | | |
<.001*
|
|
Not stressful
|
31.7
|
(1.4)
|
36.7
|
(1.4)
|
39.9
|
(1.6)
|
<.001
|
39.1
|
(1.2)
|
28.5
|
(1.3)
|
16.7
|
(1.2)
|
<.001
|
|
Stressful
|
32.6
|
(3.2)
|
42.1
|
(2.7)
|
41.9
|
(2.2)
|
.06
|
41.1
|
(1.8)
|
33.5
|
(2.2)
|
18.0
|
(1.8)
|
<.001
|
- All analyses were conducted considering the complex survey design
- P-values were obtained by the χ2 test
- N number, SE standard error, Obesity body mass index ≥25
- *P-values were obtained by the Wald test for the interaction terms between education and each lifestyle behavior fitted in the logistic regression models without any potential confounders
