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Table 1 Distribution (%) of study sample characteristics according to educational level and sex: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2012

From: Modifying effects of education on the association between lifestyle behaviors and the risk of obesity: evidence from South Korea

Characteristics

Men (N = 6937)

 

Women (N = 9333)

 

Junior high school or less

Senior high school

College or higher

p

Junior high school or less

Senior high school

College or higher

p

Age, year

   

<.001

   

<.001

 25–44

3.3

36.5

57.0

 

1.9

47.1

75.0

 

 45–54

15.4

24.6

22.1

 

17.1

32.8

17.9

 

 55–64

29.5

20.5

10.9

 

30.2

13.4

5.4

 

 65 or over

51.8

18.4

10.0

 

50.8

6.7

1.8

 

Non-married

10.3

17.0

19.4

<.001

35.2

15.6

23.8

<.001

Rural

36.7

20.2

11.1

<.001

32.9

14.1

8.9

<.001

Employed

64.9

78.0

84.0

<.001

43.5

48.8

51.8

<.001

Median or higher income

27.8

53.2

71.3

<.001

28.9

56.9

73.7

<.001

Smoking status

   

<.001

   

<.001

 Non-smoking

63.8

54.9

59.0

 

95.4

93.0

96.1

 

 Smoking

36.2

45.1

41.0

 

4.6

7.0

3.9

 

Risk from drinking alcohol

   

<.001

   

<.001

 No or low

68.8

46.5

43.3

 

85.6

67.5

67.6

 

 Medium or higher

31.2

53.5

56.8

 

14.4

32.5

32.4

 

Physical exercise

   

<.01

   

<.01

 Active

17.6

23.4

20.8

 

16.0

18.6

14.1

 

 Inactive

82.4

76.6

79.3

 

84.0

81.4

85.9

 

Sleep duration

   

.50

   

<.001

 Long

57.8

59.3

57.0

 

48.2

61.6

67.2

 

 Short

42.2

40.7

43.0

 

51.8

38.4

32.8

 

Energy intake

   

.86

   

.01

 Not under-reported

72.7

74.2

75.4

 

84.0

82.9

84.8

 

 Under-reported

27.3

25.8

24.6

 

16.1

17.1

15.2

 

Stress

   

<.001

   

.01

 Not stressful

82.6

78.3

71.1

 

72.5

73.0

69.4

 

 Stressful

17.4

21.7

28.9

 

27.6

27.0

30.6

 

Self-rated health, poor

26.9

12.7

10.6

<.001

35.1

15.1

11.3

<.001

Chronic disease

42.4

28.0

18.1

<.001

50.1

16.5

5.4

<.001

Survey year

   

.66

   

.54

 2010

35.9

34.8

35.8

 

33.7

33.7

34.4

 

 2011

34.2

34.0

33.7

 

34.5

34.4

33.7

 

 2012

30.0

31.3

30.6

 

31.8

31.9

31.9

 

All participants

31.0

32.7

36.3

 

44.8

29.5

25.7

 
  1. For the sake of brevity, the descriptive statistics were shown as % and unweighted
  2. P-values were obtained by the χ2 test considering the complex survey design
  3. N number, Obesity body mass index ≥25