Characteristics | Men (N = 6937) | Women (N = 9333) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior high school or less | Senior high school | College or higher | p | Junior high school or less | Senior high school | College or higher | p | |
Age, year | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
25–44 | 3.3 | 36.5 | 57.0 | 1.9 | 47.1 | 75.0 | ||
45–54 | 15.4 | 24.6 | 22.1 | 17.1 | 32.8 | 17.9 | ||
55–64 | 29.5 | 20.5 | 10.9 | 30.2 | 13.4 | 5.4 | ||
65 or over | 51.8 | 18.4 | 10.0 | 50.8 | 6.7 | 1.8 | ||
Non-married | 10.3 | 17.0 | 19.4 | <.001 | 35.2 | 15.6 | 23.8 | <.001 |
Rural | 36.7 | 20.2 | 11.1 | <.001 | 32.9 | 14.1 | 8.9 | <.001 |
Employed | 64.9 | 78.0 | 84.0 | <.001 | 43.5 | 48.8 | 51.8 | <.001 |
Median or higher income | 27.8 | 53.2 | 71.3 | <.001 | 28.9 | 56.9 | 73.7 | <.001 |
Smoking status | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
Non-smoking | 63.8 | 54.9 | 59.0 | 95.4 | 93.0 | 96.1 | ||
Smoking | 36.2 | 45.1 | 41.0 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 3.9 | ||
Risk from drinking alcohol | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||
No or low | 68.8 | 46.5 | 43.3 | 85.6 | 67.5 | 67.6 | ||
Medium or higher | 31.2 | 53.5 | 56.8 | 14.4 | 32.5 | 32.4 | ||
Physical exercise | <.01 | <.01 | ||||||
Active | 17.6 | 23.4 | 20.8 | 16.0 | 18.6 | 14.1 | ||
Inactive | 82.4 | 76.6 | 79.3 | 84.0 | 81.4 | 85.9 | ||
Sleep duration | .50 | <.001 | ||||||
Long | 57.8 | 59.3 | 57.0 | 48.2 | 61.6 | 67.2 | ||
Short | 42.2 | 40.7 | 43.0 | 51.8 | 38.4 | 32.8 | ||
Energy intake | .86 | .01 | ||||||
Not under-reported | 72.7 | 74.2 | 75.4 | 84.0 | 82.9 | 84.8 | ||
Under-reported | 27.3 | 25.8 | 24.6 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 15.2 | ||
Stress | <.001 | .01 | ||||||
Not stressful | 82.6 | 78.3 | 71.1 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 69.4 | ||
Stressful | 17.4 | 21.7 | 28.9 | 27.6 | 27.0 | 30.6 | ||
Self-rated health, poor | 26.9 | 12.7 | 10.6 | <.001 | 35.1 | 15.1 | 11.3 | <.001 |
Chronic disease | 42.4 | 28.0 | 18.1 | <.001 | 50.1 | 16.5 | 5.4 | <.001 |
Survey year | .66 | .54 | ||||||
2010 | 35.9 | 34.8 | 35.8 | 33.7 | 33.7 | 34.4 | ||
2011 | 34.2 | 34.0 | 33.7 | 34.5 | 34.4 | 33.7 | ||
2012 | 30.0 | 31.3 | 30.6 | 31.8 | 31.9 | 31.9 | ||
All participants | 31.0 | 32.7 | 36.3 | 44.8 | 29.5 | 25.7 |