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Table 3 Logistic regression of potential obesogenic and leptogenic child and maternal variables based on weight categories (UK1990), odds ratios (95 % confidence interval)

From: How has child growth around adiposity rebound altered in Scotland since 1990 and what are the risk factors for weight gain using the Growing Up in Scotland birth cohort 1?

Factors

Obesogenic vs. no change (n = 1,806)

Leptogenic vs. no change (n = 1,860)

Obesogenic vs. leptogenic (n = 600)

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Gender

 Male

1

1

1*

1*

1*

1*

 Female

0.98 (0.76 to 1.27)

0.94 (0.72 to 1.23)

0.66 (0.52 to 0.84)

0.67 (0.53 to 0.86)

1.48 (1.07 to 2.04)

1.49 (1.06 to 2.09)

Number of children in family

 One

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Two

0.86 (0.60 to 1.25)

0.95 (0.65 to 1.38)

1.14 (0.79 to 1.65)

1.15 (0.79 to 1.68)

0.76 (0.47 to 1.22)

0.79 (0.48 to 1.30)

 Three

0.89 (0.59 to 1.35)

1.01 (0.65 to 1.55)

1.24 (0.82 to 1.85)

1.26 (0.84 to 1.91)

0.72 (0.42 to 1.23)

0.74 (0.42 to 1.29)

 Four or more

0.77 (0.43 to 1.37)

0.72 (0.40 to 1.31)

0.68 (0.36 to 1.25)

0.70 (0.38 to 1.31)

1.14 (0.52 to 2.49)

1.14 (0.50 to 2.57)

Ethnicity

 White

1*

1

1*

1*

1

1

 Other

0.12 (0.02 to 0.91)

0.14 (0.02 to 1.07)

0.10 (0.01 to 0.76)

0.11 (0.01 to 0.79)

1.20 (0.07 to 19.25)

1.49 (0.09 to 24.72)

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)

 Least deprived (Q1)

1*

1

1

1

1

1

 Q2

1.19 (0.81 to 1.76)

1.01 (0.67 to 1.50)

1.07 (0.77 to 1.50)

1.05 (0.75 to 1.47)

1.11 (0.69 to 1.78)

1.12 (0.69 to 1.83)

 Q3

1.22 (0.82 to 1.82)

0.94 (0.62 to 1.42)

0.94 (0.66 to 1.33)

0.90 (0.63 to 1.30)

1.30 (0.80 to 2.13)

1.13 (0.68 to 1.87)

 Q4

1.53 (1.01 to 2.31)

1.16 (0.75 to 1.80)

0.88 (0.59 to 1.30)

0.91 (0.60 to 1.37)

1.75 (1.03 to 2.96)

1.32 (0.76 to 2.30)

 Most deprived (Q5)

2.11 (1.39 to 3.21)

1.49 (0.95 to 2.34)

1.30 (0.87 to 1.92)

1.29 (0.85 to 1.98)

1.63 (0.97 to 2.74)

1.21 (0.69 to 2.11)

Maternal weight status (at Sweep 6)

 Healthy weight

1*

1*

1

1*

1*

1*

 Overweight

1.40 (1.01 to 1.93)

1.43 (1.04 to 1.99)

1.30 (0.99 to 1.71)

1.35 (1.03 to 1.79)

1.08 (0.73 to 1.59)

1.04 (0.70 to 1.56)

 Obese

3.00 (2.20 to 4.11)

2.89 (2.09 to 3.98)

1.40 (1.03 to 1.92)

1.48 (1.07 to 2.04)

2.14 (1.44 to 3.19)

2.10 (1.39 to 3.16)

Mother smoked in pregnancy

 No

1*

1*

1

1*

1

1

 Yes

1.76 (1.30 to 2.38)

1.56 (1.13 to 2.15)

1.32 (0.98 to 1.77)

1.43 (1.04 to 1.98)

1.34 (0.92 to 1.96)

1.17 (0.78 to 1.76)

If child was ever breastfed

 Yes

1*

1

1

1

1*

1*

 No

1.53 (1.17 to 2.00)

1.18 (0.88 to 1.57)

0.89 (0.68 to 1.16)

0.78 (0.58 to 1.04)

1.72 (1.22 to 2.44)

1.55 (1.07 to 2.24)

Birth weight

 Normal

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Low

1.06 (0.63 to 1.78)

0.93 (0.54 to 1.60)

0.67 (0.38 to 1.19)

0.66 (0.36 to 1.18)

1.58 (0.77 to 3.23)

1.37 (0.65 to 2.90)

  1. *p < 0.05, Q = quintile
  2. No change defined as those remaining in the healthy weight category across the three sweeps. Obesogenic defined as those moving from underweight, healthy weight, or overweight to overweight or obese across the three sweeps. Leptogenic defined as those moving from obese or overweight to overweight or healthy weight across the three sweeps
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