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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 561 vulnerably housed adults in 3 Canadian cities

From: Predictors of homelessness among vulnerably housed adults in 3 Canadian cities: a prospective cohort study

Characteristic

Total (N = 561)a

n (%)

Ottawa

(N = 190)a

n (%)

Toronto

(N = 186)a

n (%)

Vancouver (N = 185)a

n (%)

Age Group

  < 30 years

63 (11.2)

30 (15.8)

12 (6.5)

21 (11.4)

 30–39 years

137 (24.4)

50 (26.3)

40 (21.5)

47 (25.4)

 40–49 years

221 (39.4)

62 (32.6)

87 (46.8)

72 (38.9)

  ≥ 50 years

140 (25)

48 (25.3)

47 (25.3)

45 (24.3)

Mean age (SD)

42.6 (9.8)

41.5 (10.5)

43.8 (9.4)

42.5 (9.4)

Gender

 Male

391 (69.7)

149 (78.4)

125 (67.2)

117 (63.2)

 Female

162 (28.9)

41 (21.6)

57 (30.7)

64 (34.6)

 Transgendered

8 (1.4)

0

4 (2.2)

4 (2.2)

Ethnicity

 White

344 (63.4)

149 (79.3)

90 (51.1)

105 (58.7)

 Black/African-Canadian

36 (6.6)

3 (1.6)

27 (15.3)

6 (3.4)

 First Nations/Aboriginal

122 (22.5)

32 (17)

37 (21)

53 (29.6)

 Mixed/other

41 (7.6)

4 (2.1)

22 (12.5)

15 (8.4)

Born in Canada

496 (89.4)

183 (96.8)

147 (79)

166 (92.2)

Highest level of education

 Some high school

279 (50.4)

100 (53.2)

86 (46.7)

93 (51.1)

 Completed high school/equivalent

121 (21.8)

36 (19.2)

42 (22.8)

43 (23.6)

 Some post-secondary or higher

154 (27.8)

52 (27.7)

56 (30.4)

46 (25.3)

Partnered

134 (24.3)

48 (25.7)

37 (20.1)

49 (27.1)

Employed in past 12 months

213 (38)

84 (44.4)

61 (32.8)

68 (36.8)

Monthly income, median (IQR)

900 (600–1320)

912.33 (591–1340)

750 (550–1200)

966 (698–1480)

Percent of income spent on rent, median (IQR)

41.4 (25.0–62.0)

43.0 (27.3–63.6)

38.9 (22.8–65.0)

41.1 (27.8–57.9)

Chronic health conditions

 0

55 (9.8)

10 (5.3)

36 (19.4)

9 (4.9)

 1

106 (18.9)

31 (16.3)

38 (20.4)

37 (20)

 2

97 (17.3)

32 (16.8)

36 (19.4)

29 (15.7)

  ≥ 3

303 (54)

117 (61.6)

76 (40.9)

110 (59.5)

History of a mental health diagnosis

303 (54.9)

120 (64.9)

78 (42.2)

105 (57.7)

History of traumatic brain injury

358 (64)

136 (72)

97 (52.4)

125 (67.6)

SF-12 PCS, mean (SD)

43.6 (10.8)

43.01 (11.3)

44.42 (10.26)

43.35 (10.8)

SF-12 MCS, mean (SD)

39.93 (13)

39.04 (13.5)

40.77 (12.79)

39.97 (12.76)

Pregnancy in past 12 months

12 (7.5)

4 (10)

3 (5.3)

5 (7.8)

Currently smoking

 Daily

451 (80.8)

161 (85.2)

138 (74.6)

152 (82.6)

 Occasionally

46 (8.2)

11 (5.8)

22 (11.9)

13 (7.1)

 Not at all

61 (10.9)

17 (9)

25 (13.5)

19 (10.3)

Positive AUDIT screen

222 (39.7)

82 (43.4)

76 (40.9)

64 (34.8)

AUDIT risk

 Low

337 (60.3)

107 (56.6)

110 (59.1)

120 (65.2)

 Hazardous

88 (15.7)

31 (16.4)

30 (16.1)

27 (14.7)

 Harmful

31 (5.6)

12 (6.4)

11 (5.9)

8 (4.4)

 High

103 (18.4)

39 (20.6)

35 (18.8)

29 (15.8)

Positive DAST screen

322 (57.6)

109 (57.7)

85 (45.7)

128 (69.6)

DAST risk

 No drug use in past 12 months

136 (24.3)

35 (18.5)

72 (38.7)

29 (15.8)

 Low

101 (18.1)

45 (23.8)

29 (15.6)

27 (14.7)

 Moderate

141 (25.2)

50 (26.5)

34 (18.3)

57 (31)

 Substantial

134 (24)

37 (19.6)

38 (20.4)

59 (32.1)

 Severe

47 (8.4)

22 (11.6)

13 (7)

12 (6.5)

Arrests and/or incarceration in past 12 months

190 (34)

68 (36.2)

61 (32.8)

61 (33)

Physical assault victim in past 12 months

206 (37)

74 (39.6)

63 (34.1)

69 (37.3)

Sexual assault victim in past 12 months

46 (8.3)

14 (7.5)

11 (5.9)

21 (11.5)

Age at first homelessness, median (IQR)

24 (16–38)

22 (16–38)

27 (16–39)

23 (15–38)

Lifetime years of homelessness, median (IQR)

3.15 (1–6.73)

2.38 (0.93–6)

3.5 (1–8.56)

3.56 (1.38–6.74)

Own place

511 (95.7)

182 (97.3)

155 (91.2)

174 (98.3)

Subsidized housing

213 (40.8)

42 (23.2)

97 (57.1)

74 (43.3)

Residence Type

 Own house, apartment

180 (32.1)

66 (34.7)

99 (53.2)

15 (8.1)

 Stay with friends and/or relatives

13 (2.3)

2 (1.1)

9 (4.8)

2 (1.1)

 Rooming house

197 (35.1)

118 (62.1)

75 (40.3)

4 (2.2)

 SRO

160 (28.5)

0

0

160 (86.5)

 Substance abuse treatment facility

4 (0.7)

0

0

4 (2.2)

 Halfway house

2 (0.4)

2 (1.1)

0

0

 Supportive housing

1 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

0

0

 Alternative housing

3 (0.5)

0

3 (1.6)

0

 Other

1 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

0

0

Housing quality, mean (SD)

27.53 (8.2)

27.44 (8.6)

28.48 (8.1)

26.67 (7.85)

Social support network size

 0

95 (17.3)

33 (17.8)

36 (19.4)

26 (14.5)

 1

61 (11.1)

21 (11.4)

16 (8.6)

24 (13.4)

 2–3

104 (18.9)

29 (15.7)

38 (20.4)

37 (20.7)

  ≥ 4

290 (52.7)

102 (55.1)

96 (51.6)

92 (51.4)

  1. aPercentages based on complete data; percentages provided by column