Characteristic | Total (N = 561)a n (%) | Ottawa (N = 190)a n (%) | Toronto (N = 186)a n (%) | Vancouver (N = 185)a n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age Group | ||||
< 30 years | 63 (11.2) | 30 (15.8) | 12 (6.5) | 21 (11.4) |
30–39 years | 137 (24.4) | 50 (26.3) | 40 (21.5) | 47 (25.4) |
40–49 years | 221 (39.4) | 62 (32.6) | 87 (46.8) | 72 (38.9) |
≥ 50 years | 140 (25) | 48 (25.3) | 47 (25.3) | 45 (24.3) |
Mean age (SD) | 42.6 (9.8) | 41.5 (10.5) | 43.8 (9.4) | 42.5 (9.4) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 391 (69.7) | 149 (78.4) | 125 (67.2) | 117 (63.2) |
Female | 162 (28.9) | 41 (21.6) | 57 (30.7) | 64 (34.6) |
Transgendered | 8 (1.4) | 0 | 4 (2.2) | 4 (2.2) |
Ethnicity | ||||
White | 344 (63.4) | 149 (79.3) | 90 (51.1) | 105 (58.7) |
Black/African-Canadian | 36 (6.6) | 3 (1.6) | 27 (15.3) | 6 (3.4) |
First Nations/Aboriginal | 122 (22.5) | 32 (17) | 37 (21) | 53 (29.6) |
Mixed/other | 41 (7.6) | 4 (2.1) | 22 (12.5) | 15 (8.4) |
Born in Canada | 496 (89.4) | 183 (96.8) | 147 (79) | 166 (92.2) |
Highest level of education | ||||
Some high school | 279 (50.4) | 100 (53.2) | 86 (46.7) | 93 (51.1) |
Completed high school/equivalent | 121 (21.8) | 36 (19.2) | 42 (22.8) | 43 (23.6) |
Some post-secondary or higher | 154 (27.8) | 52 (27.7) | 56 (30.4) | 46 (25.3) |
Partnered | 134 (24.3) | 48 (25.7) | 37 (20.1) | 49 (27.1) |
Employed in past 12 months | 213 (38) | 84 (44.4) | 61 (32.8) | 68 (36.8) |
Monthly income, median (IQR) | 900 (600–1320) | 912.33 (591–1340) | 750 (550–1200) | 966 (698–1480) |
Percent of income spent on rent, median (IQR) | 41.4 (25.0–62.0) | 43.0 (27.3–63.6) | 38.9 (22.8–65.0) | 41.1 (27.8–57.9) |
Chronic health conditions | ||||
0 | 55 (9.8) | 10 (5.3) | 36 (19.4) | 9 (4.9) |
1 | 106 (18.9) | 31 (16.3) | 38 (20.4) | 37 (20) |
2 | 97 (17.3) | 32 (16.8) | 36 (19.4) | 29 (15.7) |
≥ 3 | 303 (54) | 117 (61.6) | 76 (40.9) | 110 (59.5) |
History of a mental health diagnosis | 303 (54.9) | 120 (64.9) | 78 (42.2) | 105 (57.7) |
History of traumatic brain injury | 358 (64) | 136 (72) | 97 (52.4) | 125 (67.6) |
SF-12 PCS, mean (SD) | 43.6 (10.8) | 43.01 (11.3) | 44.42 (10.26) | 43.35 (10.8) |
SF-12 MCS, mean (SD) | 39.93 (13) | 39.04 (13.5) | 40.77 (12.79) | 39.97 (12.76) |
Pregnancy in past 12 months | 12 (7.5) | 4 (10) | 3 (5.3) | 5 (7.8) |
Currently smoking | ||||
Daily | 451 (80.8) | 161 (85.2) | 138 (74.6) | 152 (82.6) |
Occasionally | 46 (8.2) | 11 (5.8) | 22 (11.9) | 13 (7.1) |
Not at all | 61 (10.9) | 17 (9) | 25 (13.5) | 19 (10.3) |
Positive AUDIT screen | 222 (39.7) | 82 (43.4) | 76 (40.9) | 64 (34.8) |
AUDIT risk | ||||
Low | 337 (60.3) | 107 (56.6) | 110 (59.1) | 120 (65.2) |
Hazardous | 88 (15.7) | 31 (16.4) | 30 (16.1) | 27 (14.7) |
Harmful | 31 (5.6) | 12 (6.4) | 11 (5.9) | 8 (4.4) |
High | 103 (18.4) | 39 (20.6) | 35 (18.8) | 29 (15.8) |
Positive DAST screen | 322 (57.6) | 109 (57.7) | 85 (45.7) | 128 (69.6) |
DAST risk | ||||
No drug use in past 12 months | 136 (24.3) | 35 (18.5) | 72 (38.7) | 29 (15.8) |
Low | 101 (18.1) | 45 (23.8) | 29 (15.6) | 27 (14.7) |
Moderate | 141 (25.2) | 50 (26.5) | 34 (18.3) | 57 (31) |
Substantial | 134 (24) | 37 (19.6) | 38 (20.4) | 59 (32.1) |
Severe | 47 (8.4) | 22 (11.6) | 13 (7) | 12 (6.5) |
Arrests and/or incarceration in past 12 months | 190 (34) | 68 (36.2) | 61 (32.8) | 61 (33) |
Physical assault victim in past 12 months | 206 (37) | 74 (39.6) | 63 (34.1) | 69 (37.3) |
Sexual assault victim in past 12 months | 46 (8.3) | 14 (7.5) | 11 (5.9) | 21 (11.5) |
Age at first homelessness, median (IQR) | 24 (16–38) | 22 (16–38) | 27 (16–39) | 23 (15–38) |
Lifetime years of homelessness, median (IQR) | 3.15 (1–6.73) | 2.38 (0.93–6) | 3.5 (1–8.56) | 3.56 (1.38–6.74) |
Own place | 511 (95.7) | 182 (97.3) | 155 (91.2) | 174 (98.3) |
Subsidized housing | 213 (40.8) | 42 (23.2) | 97 (57.1) | 74 (43.3) |
Residence Type | ||||
Own house, apartment | 180 (32.1) | 66 (34.7) | 99 (53.2) | 15 (8.1) |
Stay with friends and/or relatives | 13 (2.3) | 2 (1.1) | 9 (4.8) | 2 (1.1) |
Rooming house | 197 (35.1) | 118 (62.1) | 75 (40.3) | 4 (2.2) |
SRO | 160 (28.5) | 0 | 0 | 160 (86.5) |
Substance abuse treatment facility | 4 (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 4 (2.2) |
Halfway house | 2 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 0 | 0 |
Supportive housing | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 |
Alternative housing | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (1.6) | 0 |
Other | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 0 |
Housing quality, mean (SD) | 27.53 (8.2) | 27.44 (8.6) | 28.48 (8.1) | 26.67 (7.85) |
Social support network size | ||||
0 | 95 (17.3) | 33 (17.8) | 36 (19.4) | 26 (14.5) |
1 | 61 (11.1) | 21 (11.4) | 16 (8.6) | 24 (13.4) |
2–3 | 104 (18.9) | 29 (15.7) | 38 (20.4) | 37 (20.7) |
≥ 4 | 290 (52.7) | 102 (55.1) | 96 (51.6) | 92 (51.4) |