Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities

Table 1 Summary of the monthly average sales, amount of defined daily doses (DDD) and correction factors for the different pharmaceuticals (reference)

	Sales	DDD	Correction	Loads based on sales data	Loads measured in WW
Compound	(monthly average)	(g)	factor^a	(grams/day)	(mg/day/1000 inh)
Atenolol	55770	0.07	2.7 [58]	139	215.7
Carbamazepine	18920	1	6.9 [59, 58]	631	2418.5
Citalopram	61708	0.02	9.6 [58]	41	267.2
Diclofenac	18920	0.1	8.3 [60]	588	961.3
Methadone	44698	0.02	3.6 [32]	37	19.0
Methylphenidate	80586	0.03	50.0 [61]	81	323.4
Metoprolol	347042	0.15	21.5 [58]	1735	6543.8
Morphine	14718	0.03	3.1 [2]	49	94.2
Oxazepam	89610	0.05	1.7 [62]	149	168.6
Paracetamol	471511	3	2.1 [58]	47151	11231.3

^a Correction factor is based on the expected amount excreted in urine
Sales data average estimated over 24 months in 2012 and 2013. Population-normalised loads measured in wastewater data for pharmaceuticals in Oslo

ISSN: 1471-2458