Table 2 Univariable associations with perceived dog motivation to walk in 629 dog owners in RESIDE Study, Perth, Western Australia (Sep 2003-Mar 2005)
From: Understanding how dogs encourage and motivate walking: cross-sectional findings from RESIDE
Variable | Disagree/neutral N (%) | Agree N (%) | OR | 95 % CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog-related factors | ||||||
Number of dogs owned | Single | 164 (34.2) | 315 (65.8) | 1 | ||
Multiple | 49 (32.7) | 101 (67.3) | 1.07 | 0.73–1.59 | 0.72 | |
Dog size | Small | 101 (40.4) | 149 (59.6) | 1 | ||
Medium/large | 109 (29.1) | 265 (70.9) | 1.65 | 1.18–2.31 | 0.004 | |
Level of attachment to dog | Medium/low | 61 (58.7) | 43 (41.3) | 1 | ||
High | 152 (29.0) | 373 (71.0) | 3.48 | 2.26–5.37 | <0.001 | |
Spouse/partner main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 51 (51.0) | 49 (49.0) | 1 | ||
No | 162 (30.6) | 367 (69.4) | 2.36 | 1.53–3.64 | <0.001 | |
Child main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 38 (69.1) | 17 (31.0) | 1 | ||
No | 175 (30.5) | 399 (69.5) | 5.10 | 2.80–9.28 | <0.001 | |
Owns an overweight dog | Yes | 42 (41.6) | 49 (58.4) | 1 | ||
No | 165 (32.1) | 349 (67.9) | 1.51 | 0.97–2.33 | 0.07 | |
Affected by poor health or age of dog | Yes | 104 (39.0) | 163 (61.0) | 1 | ||
No | 107 (30.2) | 247 (69.8) | 1.47 | 1.05–2.06 | 0.02 | |
Perceived access to Public Open Space with dog-supportive features | Poor | 52 (28.9) | 128 (71.1) | 1 | ||
Good/Average | 160 (35.9) | 286 (64.1) | 0.73 | 0.50–1.06 | 0.10 | |
Park within 1.6 km of home with dog-supportive features | No | 180 (34.0) | 349 (66.0) | 1 | ||
Yes | 33 (33.0) | 67 (66.1) | 1.05 | 0.67–1.65 | 0.84 | |
Cognitive factors | ||||||
Subjective norm of family, other owners and veterinarian to walking with dog daily | Neutral/Negative | 185 (37.8) | 305 (62.2) | 1 | ||
Positive | 26 (19.8) | 105 (80.2) | 2.45 | 1.54–3.91 | <0.001 | |
Perceived dog-specific barriers to walking with dog daily | Ambivalent-Likely to discourage | 87 (26.9) | 236 (57.6) | 1 | ||
Unlikely to discourage | 124 (41.6) | 174 (58.4) | 1.93 | 1.38–2.71 | 0.004 | |
Knowing dog enjoys going for a walk | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 116 (52.3) | 106 (47.7) | 1 | ||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 95 (23.8) | 304 (76.2) | 3.50 | 2.47–4.97 | <0.001 | |
I feel safe when walking with my dogs | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 161 (38.2) | 260 (61.8) | 1 | ||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 50 (25.0) | 150 (75.0) | 1.86 | 1.28–2.71 | <0.001 | |
Perceived dog-specific behavioural outcomes from walking with dog daily | Ambivalent-Unlikely result in positive outcomes | 138 (34.9) | 257 (65.1) | 1 | ||
Likely positive outcomes | 70 (31.5) | 152 (68.5) | 1.17 | 0.82–1.66 | 0.39 | |
Keep dog healthy | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 63 (60.6) | 41 (39.4) | 1 | ||
Likely outcomes of walking with dog daily | 145 (28.3) | 368 (71.7) | 3.90 | 2.52–6.04 | <0.001 | |
Reduce the risk of dog barking | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 186 (36.1) | 329 (63.9) | 1 | ||
Likely outcome of walking with dog daily | 22 (21.6) | 80 (78.4) | 2.06 | 1.24–3.41 | 0.01 | |
Dog might attack other dogs or people | Ambivalent-Likely outcome of walking with dog daily | 139 (32.4) | 290 (67.6) | 1 | ||
Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 69 (36.7) | 119 (63.3) | 1.21 | 0.85–1.73 | 0.30 | |
Owner demographic factors | ||||||
Gender | Male | 76 (35.0) | 141 (65.0) | 1 | 0.38 | |
Female | 136 (33.5) | 270 (66.5) | 1.07 | 0.76–1.51 | 0.70 | |
Age | Mean (SD) years | 41.9 (9.9) | 41.3 (11.6) | 1.0 | 0.99–1.01 | 0.54 |
Children at home <18 years | Yes | 145 (43.3) | 190 (56.7) | 1 | ||
No | 62 (22.5) | 214 (77.5) | 2.63 | 1.85–3.76 | <0.001 | |
Country of origin | Australia | 136 (35.7) | 245 (64.3) | 1 | ||
Other | 77 (31.2) | 170 (68.8) | 1.23 | 0.87–1.72 | 0.24 | |
Education | Secondary or less | 96 (39.8) | 154 (60.2) | 1 | 0.04 | |
Trade/apprentice/certificate | 19 (32.4) | 165 (67.6) | 1.38 | 0.95–2.01 | 0.09 | |
Bachelor or higher | 37 (27.6) | 97 (72.4) | 1.74 | 1.10–2.74 | 0.02 | |
Occupation | Management/admin | 35 (35.7) | 63 (64.3) | 1 | ||
Professional | 49 (29.2) | 119 (70.8) | 1.35 | 0.79–2.29 | 0.27 | |
Blue collar | 29 (30.9) | 65 (69.1) | 1.25 | 0.68–2.27 | 0.48 | |
Clerical/sales/service/other | 52 (36.1) | 92 (63.9) | 0.98 | 0.58–1.68 | 0.95 | |
Not in workforce | 46 (39.7) | 70 (60.3) | 0.86 | 0.49–1.47 | 0.55 | |
Other social support for walking | ||||||
Social support from family to go walking in past month | Poor | 97 (45.5) | 116 (54.5) | 1 | ||
Average/Good | 110 (28.1) | 281 (71.9) | 2.14 | 1.51–3.03 | <0.001 | |
Social support from friends to go walking in past month | Poor | 179 (35.4) | 326 (64.6) | 1 | ||
Average/Good | 28 (28.3) | 71 (71.7) | 1.39 | 0.87–2.24 | 0.17 | |