From: Understanding how dogs encourage and motivate walking: cross-sectional findings from RESIDE
Variable | Less than very often (<3pwk) N (%) | Very often (3 + pwk) N (%) | OR | 95 % CI | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog-related factors | ||||||
Number of dogs owned | Single | 263 (56.4) | 203 (43.6) | 1 | ||
Multiple | 75 (51.4) | 71 (48.6) | 1.23 | 0.85–1.78 | 0.28 | |
Dog size | Small | 153 (62.4) | 92 (37.6) | 1 | ||
Medium/large | 181 (50.0) | 181 (50.0) | 1.66 | 1.20–2.32 | 0.002 | |
Level of attachment to dog | Medium/low | 77 (74.8) | 26 (25.2) | 1 | ||
High | 261 (51.3) | 248 (48.7) | 2.81 | 1.75–4.54 | <0.001 | |
Spouse/partner main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 64 (66.7) | 32 (33.3) | 1 | ||
No | 274 (53.1) | 242 (46.9) | 1.77 | 1.12–2.79 | 0.02 | |
Child main person in household who walks with dog | Yes | 42 (77.8) | 12 (22.2) | 1 | ||
No | 296 (53.0) | 262 (47.0) | 3.10 | 1.60–6.01 | <0.001 | |
Owns an overweight dog | Yes | 38 (58.0) | 42 (42.0) | 1 | ||
No | 271 (54.4) | 227 (45.6) | 1.16 | 0.75–1.79 | 0.51 | |
Affected by poor health or age of dog | Yes | 148 (56.7) | 113 (43.3) | 1 | ||
No | 186 (53.8) | 160 (46.2) | 1.13 | 0.82–1.56 | 0.47 | |
Perceived access to Public Open Space with dog-supportive features | Poor | 92 (51.7) | 86 (48.3) | 1 | ||
Good/Average | 246 (56.8) | 187 (43.2) | 0.81 | 0.57–1.15 | 0.25 | |
Park within 1.6 km of home with dog-supportive features | No | 288 (55.9) | 227 (44.1) | 1 | ||
Yes | 50 (51.5) | 47 (48.5) | 1.19 | 0.77–1.84 | 0.43 | |
Cognitive factors | ||||||
Subjective norm of family, other owners and veterinarian to walking with dog daily | Neutral/Negative | 276 (57.9) | 201 (42.1) | 1 | ||
Positive | 59 (45.7) | 70 (54.3) | 1.63 | 1.10–2.41 | 0.01 | |
Perceived dog-specific barriers to walking with dog daily | Ambivalent-Likely to discourage | 154 (48.6) | 163 (51.4) | 1 | ||
Unlikely to discourage | 180 (62.1) | 110 (37.9) | 1.73 | 1.25–2.39 | 0.001 | |
Knowing dog enjoys going for a walk | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 146 (67.6) | 70 (32.4) | 1 | ||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 188 (48.1) | 203 (51.9) | 2.25 | 1.59–3.19 | <0.001 | |
I feel safe when walking with my dogs | Ambivalent-Unlikely motivation to walk with dog daily | 236 (57.4) | 175 (42.6) | 1 | ||
Likely motivation to walk with dog daily | 98 (50.0) | 98 (50.0) | 1.35 | 1.06–2.1.90 | 0.09 | |
Perceived dog-specific behavioural outcomes from walking with dog daily | Ambivalent-Unlikely result in positive outcomes | 214 (55.6) | 171 (44.4) | 1 | ||
Likely positive outcomes | 117 (53.7) | 101 (46.3) | 1.08 | 0.77–1.51 | 0.65 | |
Keep dog healthy | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 80 (77.7) | 23 (22.3) | 1 | ||
Likely outcomes of walking with dog daily | 251 (50.2) | 249 (49.8) | 3.45 | 2.10–5.67 | <0.001 | |
Reduce the risk of dog barking | Ambivalent-Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 283 (56.4) | 219 (43.6) | 1 | ||
Likely outcomes of walking with dog daily | 48 (47.5) | 53 (52.5) | 1.43 | 0.93–2.19 | 0.10 | |
Dog might attack other dogs or people | Ambivalent-Likely outcome of walking with dog daily | 233 (53.2) | 196 (46.8) | 1 | ||
Unlikely outcome of walking with dog daily | 108 (58.7) | 76 (42.3) | 1.25 | 0.88–1.77 | 0.21 | |
Owner demographic factors | ||||||
Gender | Male | 129 (60.6) | 84 (39.4) | 1 | ||
Female | 206 (52.3) | 188 (47.7) | 1.40 | 1.00–1.97 | 0.05 | |
Age | Mean (SD) years | 40.8 (10.6) | 42.2 (11.4) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.13 |
Children at home <18 years | Yes | 206 (63.0) | 121 (37.0) | 1 | ||
No | 122 (45.4) | 147 (54.6) | 2.05 | 1.48–2.85 | <0.001 | |
Country of origin | Australia | 214 (57.5) | 158 (42.5) | 1 | ||
Other | 123 (51.5) | 116 (48.5) | 1.27 | 0.92–1.77 | 0.14 | |
Education | Secondary or less | 138 (59.0) | 96 (41.0) | 1 | 0.24 | |
Trade/apprentice/certificate | 128 (54.2) | 108 (45.8) | 1.21 | 0.84–1.75 | 0.30 | |
Bachelor or higher | 66 (50.0) | 66 (50.0) | 1.44 | 0.94–2.21 | 0.10 | |
Occupation | Management/admin | 47 (51.1) | 45 (48.9) | 1 | 0.83 | |
Professional | 89 (53.6) | 77 (46.4) | 0.90 | 0.54–1.51 | 0.70 | |
Blue collar | 54 (58.7) | 38 (41.3) | 0.74 | 0.41–1.32 | 0.30 | |
Clerical/sales/service/other | 78 (55.7) | 62 (44.3) | 0.83 | 0.49–1.41 | 0.49 | |
Not in workforce | 65 (57.5) | 48 (42.5) | 0.77 | 0.44–1.34 | 0.36 | |
Other social support for walking | ||||||
Social support from family to go walking in past month | Poor | 135 (63.4) | 78 (36.6) | 1 | ||
Average/Good | 201 (51.4) | 190 (48.6) | 1.64 | 1.16–2.30 | 0.01 | |
Social support from friends to go walking in past month | Poor | 287 (56.8) | 218 (43.2) | 1 | ||
Average/Good | 49 (49.5) | 50 (50.5) | 1.34 | 0.87–2.07 | 0.18 |