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Table 1 Sample characteristics by dog walking status across study sites

From: The association between dog walking, physical activity and owner’s perceptions of safety: cross-sectional evidence from the US and Australia

 

TOTAL (n = 1113)

San Diego (n = 276)

Portland (n = 233)

Nashville (n = 296)

Perth (n = 308)

Non-dog walker1 (n = 490) %

Dog walker (n = 623) %

Non-dog walker1 (n = 134) %

Dog walker (n = 142) %

Non-dog walker1 (n = 110) %

Dog walker (n = 123) %

Non-dog walker1 (n = 141) %

Dog walker (n = 155) %

Non-dog walker1 (n = 105) %

Dog walker (n = 203) %

Age group2

p = 0.124

 

p = 0.194

 

p = 0.127

 

p = 0.166

 

p = 0.508

 

 18–29 years

17.6

17.0

29.9

26.8

10.9

8.9

9.9

15.5

19.0

16.3

 30–39 years

18.4

21.3

24.6

25.4

20.9

31.7

20.6

25.2

4.8

9.4

 40–49 years

24.7

20.2

13.4

16.2

33.6

23.6

34.0

23.2

17.1

18.7

 50–59 years

17.1

22.0

12.7

20.4

15.5

18.7

14.2

18.7

28.6

27.6

 60+ years

20.8

18.6

19.4

11.3

16.4

17.1

19.1

14.2

29.5

28.1

Male

p = 0.758

 

p = 0.381

 

p = 0.243

 

p = 0.177

 

p = 0.356

 
 

46.5

47.4

44.0

49.3

49.1

41.5

41.8

49.7

53.3

47.8

Highest education level3

p = 0.102

 

p = 0.182

 

p = 0.771

 

p = 0.046*

 

p = 0.607

 

 Secondary or less

35.1

29.9

33.6

25.4

26.4

29.3

36.2

21.3

44.8

39.9

 Vocational training

22.0

25.7

26.9

28.2

21.8

26.8

18.4

21.3

21.0

26.6

 Bachelor degree or higher

38.0

41.6

32.1

43.0

49.1

40.7

39.7

53.5

31.4

32.0

 Other

2.9

1.8

3.0

2.1

1.8

2.4

4.3

2.6

1.9

0.5

Ethnicity (US only)4

p = 0.374

 

p = 0.087

 

p = 0.149

 

p = 0.674

 

-

-

 White/Caucasion

70.6

75.2

49.3

64.1

88.2

86.2

77.3

76.8

  

 Hispanic or Latino Descent

14.5

9.5

35.8

21.8

1.8

4.9

4.3

1.9

  

 Black/African American

7.5

8.3

6.0

6.3

3.6

0.0

12.1

16.8

  

 Asian

2.3

2.3

4.5

2.1

0.9

2.4

1.4

1.3

  

 Other

3.4

3.4

3.0

4.9

3.6

2.4

3.5

1.9

  

Country of birth (Australia only)5

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

p = 0.258

 

 Australia

        

70.5

64.0

 Overseas

        

29.5

36.0

Number of children living in household6

p = 0.277

 

p = 0.466

 

p = 0.608

 

p = 0.387

 

p = 0.079

 

 None

59.0

61.2

55.2

55.6

53.6

61.8

61.0

62.6

66.7

63.5

 One

14.9

17.0

14.9

21.1

15.5

9.8

19.1

18.7

8.6

17.2

 Two

16.1

15.2

17.2

12.7

20.0

19.5

12.8

14.2

15.2

15.3

 Three or more

9.2

6.1

11.9

10.6

9.1

8.1

7.1

3.2

8.6

3.9

Time lived in neighborhood

p = 0.262

 

p = 0.671

 

p = 0.642

 

p = 0.275

 

p = 0.084

 

 1–3 years

16.7

17.0

24.6

21.8

18.2

13.0

14.9

21.9

7.6

12.3

 4–9 years

18.8

24.2

18.7

26.1

22.7

31.1

22.0

23.2

10.5

20.2

 10–14 years

21.0

19.1

19.4

19.0

20.9

17.9

17.0

14.8

28.6

23.2

 15–20 years

13.7

12.7

9.7

7.7

12.7

12.2

13.5

16.8

20.0

13.3

 More than 20 years

29.8

27.0

27.6

25.4

25.5

26.8

32.6

23.2

33.3

31.0

Housing types7

p = 0.066

 

p = 0.407

 

p = 0.113

 

p = 0.007*

 

p = 0.422

 

 House

88.6

85.9

82.1

79.6

95.5

87.0

90.1

82.6

87.6

92.1

 Duplex

4.3

2.7

2.2

4.9

2.7

1.6

6.4

2.6

5.7

2.0

 Townhouse or villa

3.1

4.0

8.2

4.2

0.0

1.6

0.0

5.2

3.8

4.4

 Apartment or flat

2.9

5.1

6.0

9.2

0.9

4.9

2.1

7.1

1.9

1.0

 Other

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.4

0.9

3.3

1.4

1.3

1.0

0.5

  1. *p ≤ 0.05; 1Reference group; Missing data: 212; 317; 414; 67; 75; 5 For Australia country of birth measure typically used (rather than ethnicity)