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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the COURAGE study sample, stratified by depression status, and by country

From: The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe)

 

Finland (%)

Poland (%)

Spain (%)

Depressed

(n = 80)

Non-Depressed

(n = 1854)

p

Depressed

(n = 214)

Non-Depressed

(n = 3726)

p

Depressed

(n = 510)

Non-Depressed

(n = 4073)

p

Sex

 Male

21.1

49.2

≤0.001

36.2

48.0

0.054

31.0

51.1

≤ 0.001

Age Group

  

0.21

  

0.04

  

≤0.0001

 18–39

41.8

32.1

 

26.7

42.0

 

21.8

38.2

 

 40–64

42.1

45.2

 

50.0

40.9

 

50.1

41.9

 

 65+

16.1

22.7

 

23.3

17.1

 

28.1

19.9

 

Marital Status

  

≤ 0.001

  

0.004

  

≤ 0.001

 Single

31

25

 

23

17

 

21

28

 

 Married/Cohabiting

38

60

 

49

65

 

45

58

 

 Divorced/Widowed

31

15

 

28

13

 

34

14

 

No. Yrs Education

         

 mean ± SD

12.09 ± 3.8

12.2 ± 4.1

0.819

11.05 ± 3.9

11.75 ± 3.7

0.009

8.27 ± 5.7

10.9 ± 5.6

≤ 0.001

Income Quintiles

  

≤ 0.001

  

0.004

  

≤ 0.001

 1 (Poorest)

25.2

22.6

 

38.2

22.9

 

12.4

23.5

 

 2 (Poorer)

31.3

15.2

 

18.1

13.7

 

32.5

14.7

 

 3 (Middle)

19.3

18.1

 

11.1

13.8

 

24.2

19.6

 

 4 (Rich)

14.9

27.9

 

10.8

22.3

 

18.2

23.3

 

 5 (Richest)

9.2

16.2

 

21.9

27.2

 

12.7

18.9

 

SES Index

         

 (0–110)

31.9 ± 22.0

38.7 ± 25.5

≤ 0.02

27.4 ± 23.6

34.9 ± 24.2

≤ 0.001

23.3 ± 21.5

32.6 ± 26.2

≤ 0.001