Unadjusted+ | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food destination presence a | Food destination densityb | Food destination diversityc | Supermarket/ grocery store presenced | Convenience/multi-product store presencee | Restaurant presencef | ||
β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | β (95 % CI) | |
Intercept (β0) | 58.15 (50.75, 65.54) | 57.56 (50.22, 64.90) | 57.58 (50.20, 64.96) | 57.49 (50.08, 64.91) | 57.67 (50.27, 65.05) | 57.90 (50.51, 65.29) | |
Unadjusted+ β (95 % CI) | −0.98 (−3.23, 1.26) | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.10) | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.17) | −1.05 (−4.72, 2.63) | 0.35 (−2.40, 3.10) | −0.62 (3.00, 7.80) | |
Adjusted~ β (95 % CI) | −1.32 (−3.58, 0.94) | 0.06 (0.01, 0.12)* | 0.06 (−0.08, 0.19) | −0.86 (−4.50, 2.77) | 0.44 (−2.37, 3.25) | −0.71 (−3.11, 1.68) | |
Covariates | |||||||
Sex^ | |||||||
Women | 4.77 (2.76, 6.78)# | 4.65 (2.59, 6.71)* | 4.84 (2.78, 6.90)* | 4.73 (2.66, 6.79)* | 4.65 (2.59, 6.71)* | 4.69 (2.63, 6.78)* | 4.66 (2.60, 6.72)* |
Age^ | |||||||
40–59 years | −1.35 (−4.03, 1.32) | −1.66 (−4.28, 0.96) | −1.32 (−3.91, 1.27) | −1.34 (−3,95, 1.27) | −1.46 (−4.07, 1.32) | −1.37 (−4.06, 1.25) | −1.54 (−4.15, 1.07) |
≥ 60 years | −1.49 (−4.28, 1.30) | −0.37 (−3.60, 2.85) | −0.26 (−3.46, 2.94) | −0.11 (−3.32, 3.10) | −0.13 (−3.34, 3.09) | −0.11 (−3.35, 3.14) | −0.26 (−3.48, 2.96) |
Race^ | |||||||
All other races | 1.05 (−3.01, 5.11) | 2.96 (−1.04, 6.96) | 3.30 (−0.68, 7.23) | 3.26 (−0.74, 7.26) | 3.09 (−0.91, 7.08) | 3.19 (−0.81,7.19) | 3.05 (−7.06, 0.95) |
Marital status^ | |||||||
Others | −3.00 (−5.41, −0.57) | −1.34 (−3.90, 1.21) | −1.50 (−4.06, 1.05) | −1.41 (−3.97, 1.16) | −1.23 (−3.80, 1.35) | −1.34 (−3.90,1.22) | −1.31 (−3.89, 1.25) |
Dependents at home^ | |||||||
≥ 1 dependent | 2.29 (0.30, 4.28) | 1.90 (−0.27, 4.07) | 2.11 (−0.06, 4.27) | 2.03 (−0.14, 4.21) | 1.99 (−0.18, 4.16) | 2.00 (−0.18, 4.20) | 1.93 (−0.24, 4.11) |
Highest education completed^ | |||||||
College/trade/diploma | 3.38 (−0.30, 7.05) | 1.81 (0.03, 7.15)* | 3.31 (−0.24, 6.85) | 3.39 (−0.17, 6.98) | 3.50 (−0.07, 7.08) | 3.47 (−0.09, 7.03) | 3.55 (−0.01, 7.11) |
University | 4.29 (1.24, 7.34) | 1.58 (0.16, 6.36)* | 2.69 (−0.41, 5.80) | 2.89 (−0.23, 6.01) | 3.14 (0.04, 6.24)* | 3.01 (−0.09, 6.12) | 3.19 (0.08, 6.31)* |
Total gross household income^ | |||||||
$60 000–$119 999 | 0.42 (−3.36, 4.21) | −0.36 (−4.14, 3.42) | −0.50 (−4.26, 3.28) | −0.37 (−4.15, 3.40) | −0.26 (−4.05, 3.53) | −0.37 (−4.16, 3.42) | −0.34 (−0.41, 3.44) |
$ ≥ 120 000 | 2.63 (−1.07, 6.33) | 1.26 (−2.74, 3.42) | 1.02 (−2.98, 5.01) | 1.18 (−2.83, 5.19) | 1.47 (−2.56, 5.51) | 1.22 (−2.79, 5.23) | 1.27 (−2.73, 5.28) |
Refused | 0.44 (−3.91, 4.73) | −1.07 (−2.73, 5.27) | −1.75 (−6.04, 2.56) | −1.36 (−5.65, 2.94) | −0.97 (−5.28, 3.33) | −1.25 (−5.54, 3.04) | −1.16 (−5.45, 3.12) |
Smoking status in past 12 months^ | |||||||
Non-smoker | 7.86 (2.52,13.20)# | 8.90 (3.76, 14.04)* | 9.14 (4.02, 14.26)* | 9.10 (3.96, 14.23)* | 9.15 (4.00, 14.29)* | 9.14 (3.98, 14.31)* | 9.02 (3.89, 14.21) |
Car available for personal use^ | |||||||
Never or sometimes | −0.45 (−4.00, 3.10) | −1.60 (−5.01, 1.82) | −1.27 (−4.68, 2.15) | −1.42 (−4.84, 1.99) | −1.46 (−4.87, 1.96) | 1.47 (1.96, 4.87) | 1.50 (−1.91, 4.91) |
Dog ownership in past 12 months^ | |||||||
Non-owner | −1.70 (−3.80, 0.40) | −2.45 (−4.50,-0.41)* | −2.25 (−4.29, −0.20)* | −2.36 (−4.40, −0.32)* | −2.47 (−4.52 -0.43)* | −2.41 (−4.45, −0.36) | −2.41 (−4.45,-0.36)* |
Self-reported mental health^ | |||||||
Very Good | −1.17 (−3.64, 1.29) | −3.50 (−6.04, −0.95)* | −3.15 (−5.67, −0.62)* | −3.20 (−5.73, −0.66)* | −3.24 (−5.78, −0.70)* | −3.25 (−5.80, −0.69)* | −3.37 (−5.91, 0.83)* |
Excellent | 0.76 (−1.92, 3.43) | −1.18 (−4.17, 1.80) | −0.91 (−3.87, 2.06) | −0.97 (−3.95, 2.01) | −0.86 (−3.86, 2.14) | −0.99 (−4.00, 2.00) | −1.08 (−4.07, 1.89) |
Self-reported physical health^ | |||||||
Very Good | 3.62 (1.39, 5.83) | 3.59 (1.24, 5.93)* | 3.44 (1.10, 5.78)* | 3.52 (1.17, 5.86)* | 3.44 (1.10, 5.80)* | 3.52 (1.17, 5.86)* | 3.54 (1.20, 5.89)* |
Excellent | 3.51 (0.80, 6.22) | 2.23 (−0.88, 5.34) | 1.90 (−1.20, 5.00) | 2.07 (−1.03, 5.19) | 2.14 (−0.97, 5.24) | 2.12 (−0.98, 5.24) | 2.21 (−0.90, 5.33) |
Sitting hours/day | −0.32 (−0.57, −0.68) | −0.14 (−0.41, 0.12) | −0.13 (−0.39, 0.14) | −0.14 (−0.40, 0.13) | −0.14 (−0.40, 0.12) | −0.13 (−0.40, 0.13) | −1.08 (−4.07, 1.89) |
Hours in neighbourhood/ typical week | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08)# | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09)* | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09)* | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09)* | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09)* | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09)* | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09)* |
Walkshed-level socioeconomic deprivation IndexŦ | −0.24 (−0.59, 0.11) | −0.08 (−0.46, 0.30) | −0.24 (−0.61, 0.14) | −0.19 (−0.57, 0.19) | −0.15 (−0.52, 0.23) | −0.16 (−0.53, 0.22) | −0.11 (−0.48, 0.27) |
R2 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |