Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and body mass index in European children: longitudinal findings from the IDEFICS study

Table 3 Bidirectional associations between overweight including obesity (OWOB) and two dichotomized indicators of psychosocial health, poor health related quality of life (PHRQOL) and poor well-being (PWB)

A: Incidence of poor health
Model^a	Predictor at baseline	Subsample	Outcome OR (95 % CI)	P-value
		No OWOB at baseline (n = 6,412)	OWOB at follow-up
1a	PHRQOL		0.95 (0.78, 1.15)	0.58
1b	PWB		1.39 (1.03, 1.86)	0.03
1c^b	PWB without PHRQOL		1.02 (0.56, 1.86)	0.95
	PWB with PHRQOL		1.68 (1.16, 2.42)	0.006
	PWB × PHRQOL		1.63 (0.81, 3.29)	0.17
		No PHRQOL at baseline (n = 5,451)	PHRQOL at follow-up
2	OWOB		1.23 (1.03, 1.48)	0.02
		No PWB at baseline (n =7,213)	PWB at follow-up
3	OWOB		1.05 (0.79, 1.41)	0.74
B: Recovery from poor health
		OWOB at baseline (n = 1,397)	No OWOB at follow-up
1a	Good health related quality of life		0.87 (0.61, 1.24)	0.44
1b	Good well-being		1.38 (0.84, 2.27)	0.21
		PHRQOL at baseline (n = 2,343)	No PHRQOL at follow-up
2	No OWOB		1.04 (0.84, 1.30)	0.70
		PWB at baseline (n =597)	No PWB at follow-up
3	No OWOB		1.33 (0.87, 2.02)	0.19

The top part of the table refers to the incidence of poor health in the subsample of children without symptoms at baseline (A). The bottom part of the table considers the recovery from poor health in the subsample of children with corresponding symptoms at baseline (B)
Footnotes: OR (95 % CI): odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)
Overweight including obesity (OWOB), defined according to Cole 2012 and poor health related quality of life (PHRQOL) measured by KINDL® and poor well-being (PWB) measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
^aLogistic regression adjusted for age, sex, parental education, intervention, and country
^bModel 1c investigates the interaction between PWB and PHRQOL at baseline with respect to OWOB at follow-up in children without overweight at baseline

ISSN: 1471-2458