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Table 2 Ordinary least squares regression of health literacy score on demographic, socioeconomic resources, & social resources (Weighted)a

From: Examining health literacy disparities in the United States: a third look at the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL)

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Demographic

  Age

−0.567***

−0.569***

−0.472***

−0.493***

−0.518***

(−0.230)

(−0.230)

(−0.191)

(−0.200)

(−0.210)

  Female

4.713***

6.583***

5.968***

5.281***

4.924***

(0.056)

(0.079)

(0.071)

(0.063)

(0.059)

  African American

−25.90***

−17.02***

−16.31***

−16.52***

−16.48***

(−0.195)

(−0.128)

(−0.123)

(−0.124)

(−0.124)

  Foreign Born Hispanic/Latino

−44.49***

−33.59***

−27.96***

−22.22***

−11.45***

(−0.279)

(−0.211)

(−0.176)

(−0.139)

(−0.072)

  Native Born Hispanic/Latino

−18.36***

−10.85***

−9.265***

−9.534***

−5.620*

(−0.092)

(−0.054)

(−0.046)

(−0.048)

(−0.028)

  Asian/Pacific Islander

−8.776*

−8.474*

−12.78***

−9.313**

−3.665

(−0.037)

(−0.036)

(−0.054)

(−0.039)

(−0.015)

  American Indian/Alaskan Native

−22.58**

−12.00

−11.36

−11.76

−10.43

(−0.045)

(−0.024)

(−0.023)

(−0.024)

(−0.021)

  Multiracial

−13.04**

−8.315*

−7.476*

−7.571*

−7.265+

(−0.037)

(−0.024)

(−0.021)

(−0.022)

(−0.021)

Socioeconomic Resources

  Median Household Income (in $1000)

 

0.248***

0.131***

0.116***

0.108***

 

(0.219)

(0.116)

(0.103)

(0.095)

  Income From Savings/Investments

 

6.391***

3.517***

3.011***

3.053***

 

(0.125)

(0.069)

(0.059)

(0.060)

  Educational Attainment

  

3.810***

3.318***

3.281***

  

(0.264)

(0.230)

(0.227)

  Nam Powers Boyd Occupational Score

  

0.0663***

0.0481*

0.0465*

  

(0.055)

(0.040)

(0.039)

Relational Social Class

  Employed

   

1.757

1.437

   

(0.020)

(0.016)

 Voted in 2000

  Not a Citizen

   

−9.106***

−2.797

   

(−0.059)

(−0.018)

  Did Not Vote

   

−3.925**

−3.567**

   

(−0.043)

(−0.039)

  Do Not Remember

   

−1.728

−1.231

   

(−0.008)

(−0.005)

 Current Aff/Pol/Govt. Info

   

1.523+

0.704

   

(0.019)

(0.009)

Library Use

  Frequent Library Use

   

4.118**

4.098**

   

(0.046)

(0.046)

  Occasional Library Use

   

5.983***

5.642***

   

(0.067)

(0.063)

Volunteer Activity

  Frequently Volunteer

   

3.412*

3.200+

   

(0.031)

(0.029)

  Occasionally Volunteer

   

2.238

1.820

   

(0.022)

(0.018)

Social Resources

 Language Spoken

     

  Spanish/ESL

    

−5.824+

    

(−0.025)

  Speaks Only Spanish

    

−9.885*

    

(−0.051)

  Other Language Spoken ESL

    

−19.11***

    

(−0.121)

 Marital Status

  Never Married

    

−3.574**

    

(−0.034)

  Separated/Divorced/Widowed

    

−0.780

    

(−0.007)

 Health Information Source

    

0.929

    

(0.017)

  Constant

274.6***

253.9***

232.2***

230.3***

233.8***

  R-squared

0.136

0.213

0.270

0.279

0.286

  F

101.4***

231.9***

252.2***

160.3***

126.1***

  1. aSource: The National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) 2003. Unstandardized coefficients above standardized coefficients in parentheses. Respondent N = 14,592. + p < 0.05 * p < 0.01 ** p < 0.001 *** p < 0.0001