Table 1 General characteristics of the study population
| Â | Metabolic syndrome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Yes | No | Â | ||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | p-value | |
Sitting time (hours) | |||||||
 ≤ 7 | 2332 | (54.19) | 310 | (13.29) | 2022 | (86.71) | 0.5944 |
 > 7 | 1971 | (45.81) | 273 | (13.85) | 1698 | (86.15) |  |
Sex | |||||||
 Male | 1739 | (40.41) | 307 | (17.65) | 1432 | (82.35) | <0.0001 |
 Female | 2564 | (59.59) | 276 | (10.76) | 2288 | (89.24) |  |
Age (year) | |||||||
 19–29 | 474 | (11.02) | 11 | (2.32) | 463 | (97.68) | <0.0001 |
 30–39 | 758 | (17.62) | 59 | (7.78) | 699 | (92.22) |  |
 40–49 | 741 | (17.22) | 77 | (10.39) | 664 | (89.61) |  |
 50–59 | 834 | (19.38) | 119 | (14.27) | 715 | (85.73) |  |
 60–69 | 787 | (18.29) | 170 | (21.60) | 617 | (78.40) |  |
 70+ | 709 | (16.48) | 147 | (20.73) | 562 | (79.27) |  |
Household income level | |||||||
 Low | 790 | (18.36) | 154 | (19.49) | 636 | (80.51) | <0.0001 |
 Lower-middle | 1076 | (25.01) | 149 | (13.85) | 927 | (86.15) |  |
 Upper-middle | 1255 | (29.17) | 156 | (12.43) | 1099 | (87.57) |  |
 High | 1182 | (27.47) | 124 | (10.49) | 1058 | (89.51) |  |
Educational level | |||||||
 Elementary school | 1007 | (23.40) | 230 | (22.84) | 777 | (77.16) | <0.0001 |
 Middle school | 487 | (11.32) | 79 | (16.22) | 408 | (83.78) |  |
 High school | 1411 | (32.79) | 155 | (10.99) | 1256 | (89.01) |  |
 College or higher | 1398 | (32.49) | 119 | (8.51) | 1279 | (91.49) |  |
Occupation | |||||||
 Office work | 939 | (21.82) | 101 | (10.76) | 838 | (89.24) | 0.0024 |
 Sales and Service | 516 | (11.99) | 56 | (10.85) | 460 | (89.15) |  |
 Agriculture, forestry, and fishery | 242 | (5.62) | 36 | (14.88) | 206 | (85.12) |  |
 Machine fitting and simple labor | 775 | (18.01) | 128 | (16.52) | 647 | (83.48) |  |
 Unemployed, housewife, or student | 1831 | (42.55) | 262 | (14.31) | 1569 | (85.69) |  |
Physical activity | |||||||
 Under meet recommended guidelines | 2032 | (47.22) | 302 | (14.86) | 1730 | (85.14) | 0.0172 |
 Meet recommended guidelines | 2271 | (52.78) | 281 | (12.37) | 1990 | (87.63) |  |
Energy intake | |||||||
 1Q | 1110 | (25.80) | 147 | (13.24) | 963 | (86.76) | 0.5965 |
 2Q | 1085 | (25.21) | 136 | (12.53) | 949 | (87.47) |  |
 3Q | 1057 | (24.56) | 151 | (14.29) | 906 | (85.71) |  |
 4Q | 1051 | (24.42) | 149 | (14.18) | 902 | (85.82) |  |
Current smoking status | |||||||
 No | 3548 | (82.45) | 462 | (13.02) | 3086 | (86.98) | 0.0285 |
 Yes | 755 | (17.55) | 121 | (16.03) | 634 | (83.97) |  |
Alcohol use | |||||||
 No | 2070 | (48.11) | 276 | (13.33) | 1794 | (86.67) | 0.6911 |
 Yes | 2233 | (51.89) | 307 | (13.75) | 1926 | (86.25) |  |
Depressive symptoms | |||||||
 No | 4015 | (93.31) | 546 | (13.60) | 3469 | (86.40) | 0.7188 |
 Yes | 288 | (6.69) | 37 | (12.85) | 251 | (87.15) |  |
Number of chronic diseases a | |||||||
 0 | 3409 | (79.22) | 403 | (11.82) | 3006 | (88.18) | <0.0001 |
 1 | 735 | (17.08) | 140 | (19.05) | 595 | (80.95) |  |
 ≥ 2 | 159 | (3.70) | 40 | (25.16) | 119 | (74.84) |  |
Total | 4303 | (100.00) | 583 | (13.55) | 3720 | (86.45) | Â |