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Table 5 Factors associated with lower quality of life (n = 667)

From: Health, disability and quality of life among trans people in Sweden–a web-based survey

Variable

High quality of life

Low quality of life n (%)

Crude odds ratios

Adjusted odds ratios

n (%)

n (%)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

Trans experience

 Trans feminine

64 (43)

82 (57)

1.00 (Reference)

 Trans masculine

84 (45)

102 (55)

0.94 (0.61–1.46)

 

 Gender nonbinary

161 (47)

179 (53)

0.86 (0.58–1.28)

 

 Transvestite

36 (35)

68 (65)

1.47 (0.87–2.47)

 

Age categories

 15–19

55 (68)

26 (32)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 20–29

155 (46)

184 (54)

2.51 (1.50–4.19)

2.62** (1.37–4.98)

 30–44

86 (43)

113 (57)

2.77 (1.61–4.79)

2.14* (1.07–4.30)

 45–64

41 (33)

82 (67)

4.23 (2.32–7.69)

3.42** (1.50–7.78)

 65–94

9 (25)

27 (75)

6.34 (2.61–15.40)

2.50 (0.39–15.98)

Country of birth

 Sweden

318 (45)

394 (55)

1.00 (Reference)

 Other than Sweden

28 (42)

38 (58)

1.09 (0.65–1.82)

 

County

 Large county

207 (42)

286 (58)

1.00 (Reference)

 Small county

128 (49)

135 (51)

0.76 (0.56–1.03)

 

Employment status

 Working/studying

214 (39)

335 (61)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 Unemployed/long-term sick leave

95 (62)

57 (38)

0.38 (0.26–0.55)

0.39*** (0.24–0.63)

 Retired

8 (26)

23 (74)

1.83 (0.80–4.18)

1.32 (0.20–8.72)

 Other

18 (55)

15 (45)

0.53 (0.26–1.07)

0.65 (0.26–1.61)

Education

 No high school education

77 (52)

70 (48)

0.81 (0.55–1.19)

 Upper-secondary education, or some university

185 (47)

206 (53)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 University education ≥ 3 years

78 (35)

146 (65)

1.68 (1.19–2.35)

 

 Other

6 (37)

10 (63)

1.49 (0.53–4.19)

 

Monthly net income (€)

 0–1416

230 (55)

190 (45)

0.48 (0.30–0.76)

 1417–2125

36 (37)

61 (63)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 2126–3238

42 (31)

94 (69)

1.32 (0.76–2.28)

 

 >3239

16 (21)

61 (79)

2.25 (1.13–4.47)

 

History of negative health care experiences

 No

63 (29)

156 (71)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 Yes

259 (51)

247 (49)

0.38 (0.27–0.54)

0.56* (0.36–0.88)

Tobacco use ever

 No

157 (43)

206 (57)

1.00 (Reference)

 Yes

189 (46)

226 (54)

0.91 (0.68–1.21)

 

Alcohol risk consumption

 No

270 (44)

344 (56)

1.00 (Reference)

 Yes

68 (45)

84 (55)

0.96 (0.6–1.38)

 

Illicit drug use past six months

 No

293 (42)

399 (58)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 Yes

44 (68)

21 (32)

0.35 (0.20–0.60)

0.41** (0.21–0.78)

 Do not want to answer

6 (50)

6 (50)

0.73 (0.23–2.29)

1.26 (0.28–5.59)

Religiosity

 No

37 (50)

37 (50)

1.00 (Reference)

 Yes

309 (44)

394 (56)

1.18 (0.55–2.52)

 

Change of legal gender

 No, and do not need to

39 (26)

113 (74)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 Yes

24 (21)

89 (79)

1.27 (0.71–2.28)

1.62 (0.79–3.35)

 No, but would like to

167 (57)

124 (43)

0.25 (0.16–0.39)

0.33*** (0.18–0.59)

 No, and cannot change legal gender because the desired gender is not available in Sweden today

107 (53)

96 (47)

0.30 (0.19–0.48)

0.32*** (0.17–0.61)

 Do not want to answer

8 (57)

6 (43)

0.25 (0.08–0.79)

0.61 (0.16–2.31)

Openness with trans identity

 Always open

49 (35)

90 (65)

1.00 (Reference)

 Sometimes open

184 (45)

221 (55)

0.65 (0.43–0.97)

 

 Rarely open

69 (50)

68 (50)

0.53 (0.33–0.86)

 

 Never open

21 (41)

30 (59)

0.77 (0.40–1.50)

 

 Trans identity shows

21 (57)

16 (43)

0.41 (0.19–0.86)

 

Practical support

 Always

86 (27)

233 (73)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 Most of the time

183 (54)

158 (46)

0.31 (0.22–0.44)

0.31*** (0.21–0.46)

 Almost never

60 (69)

27 (31)

0.16 (0.09–0.27)

0.21*** (0.11–0.42)

 Never

14 (52)

13 (48)

0.34 (0.15–0.75)

0.26* (0.09–0.74)

Social support

 Yes

224 (39)

346 (61)

1.00 (Reference)

 

 No

120 (59)

84 (41)

0.45 (0.32–0.62)

0.49** (0.31–0.77)

  1. * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001