Table 4 Descriptive Analysis Examining Participation in High School Education Classes for Inmates who Enter Prison with Less Than a GED-Level of Education Stratified by Gender
From: The relationship between education and health among incarcerated men and women in the United States
Men (n = 4,274) | Women (n = 2,781) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Participation | Participate | t/x 2 | p | No Participation | Participate | t/x 2 | p | |
Age (se) | 34.8 (.23) | 32.4 (.23) | 7.5 | < .000 | 35.0 (.34) | 33.6 (.42) | 2.6 | < .009 |
Age 18 to 29 | 930 (38.9) | 907 (48.1) | 36.0 | < .000 | 201 (29.4) | 181 (38.8) | 11.2 | < .001 |
Age 30 to 49 | 1226 (51.3) | 857 (45.4) | 14.7 | < .000 | 449 (65.6) | 265 (56.9) | 9.1 | < .003 |
Age 50 or older | 232 (9.7) | 122 (6.5) | 14.6 | < .000 | 34 (5.0) | 20 (4.3) | .3 | < .593 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
White | 606 (25.4) | 548 (29.1) | 7.2 | <.007 | 220 (32.2) | 161 (34.6) | .7 | < .399 |
Black | 1244 (52.1) | 956 (50.7) | .8 | <.362 | 304 (44.4) | 189 (40.6) | 1.7 | < .191 |
Latino | 421 (17.6) | 274 (14.5) | 7.5 | <.006 | 116 (17.0) | 80 (17.2) | .01 | < .927 |
Other | 117 (4.9) | 108 (5.7) | 1.5 | <.229 | 44 (6.4) | 36 (7.7) | .7 | < .398 |
Marital Status | ||||||||
Never Married | 1510 (63.3) | 1299 (68.9) | 14.7 | < .000 | 366 (53.6) | 239 (51.2) | .5 | < .489 |
Married | 343 (14.4) | 220 (11.7) | 6.8 | < .009 | 103 (15.1) | 79 (17.0) | .8 | < .376 |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 535 (22.3) | 366 (19.4) | 5.3 | < .021 | 214 (31.3) | 146 (31.5) | .00 | < .962 |
Employed Prior to Incarceration | 1614 (67.7) | 1239 (65.8) | 1.8 | < .176 | 336 (49.1) | 240 (51.5) | .6 | < .428 |
Years of Education Prior to Incarceration (se) | 8.9 (.04) | 9.2 (.04) | −4.6 | < .000 | 9.1 (.07) | 9.1 (.07) | .1 | < .907 |
Time Served to Date (se) | 4.0 (.11) | 5.3 (.13) | −7.6 | < .000 | 1.9 (.13) | 3.0 (.20) | −5.0 | < .000 |
First time Incarcerated | 1068 (45.4) | 899 (48.2) | 3.4 | < .067 | 389 (57.5) | 277 (60.0) | .7 | < .401 |
Prison Experience | ||||||||
Violent Offender | 1128 (47.2) | 1072 (56.8) | 38.9 | < .000 | 161 (23.5) | 169 (36.3) | 22.0 | < .000 |
Drug Offender | 501 (21.0) | 329 (17.4) | 8.4 | < .004 | 196 (28.7) | 122 (26.2) | .9 | < .357 |
Job Training Program Participation | 429 (18.2) | 38.4 (723) | 214.2 | < .000 | 104 (15.4) | 150 (32.2) | 44.9 | < .000 |
Visits from Family/Friends Past Month | 545 (23.2) | 566 (30.0) | 25.6 | < .000 | 143 (21.2) | 151 (32.4) | 18.0 | < .000 |
Phone Calls from Family/Friends Past Week | 1910 (81.1) | 1628 (86.4) | 21.1 | < .000 | 510 (75.7) | 377 (80.9) | 4.4 | < .037 |
Written Up for Any Violation | 1253 (53.4) | 601 (32.0) | 195.6 | < .000 | 405 (60.2) | 180 (38.6) | 51.2 | < .000 |