Empty model (M1) | Individual variables (M2) | Macro-level variables (M3) | Model with cross-level interactions with gender (M4) | Model with cross-level interactions with FAS (M5) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
Individual variables | |||||
Sex (Ref.: boys) | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
Girls | 1.708*** | 1.708*** | - | 1.708*** | |
(1.66-1.75) | (1.66-1.75) | - | (1.66-1.75) | ||
Age (Ref.: 11 years) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
13 years | 1.289*** | 1.289*** | 1.289*** | 1.289*** | |
(1.25-1.33) | (1.25-1.33) | (1.25-1.33) | (1.25-1.33) | ||
15 years | 1.486*** | 1.486*** | 1.486*** | 1.486*** | |
(1.44-1.54) | (1.44-1.54) | (1.44-1.54) | (1.44-1.54) | ||
Family affluence (Ref.: high) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
Medium | 1.129*** | 1.129*** | 1.130*** | 1.129*** | |
(1.10-1.17) | (1.10-1.17) | (1.096-1.17) | (1.10-1.17) | ||
Low | 1.386*** | 1.386*** | 1.387*** | 1.386*** | |
(1.34-1.43) | (1.34-1.43) | (1.34-1.43) | (1.34-1.43) | ||
Macro-level variables | |||||
National wealth in 2009/2010 (GDP pc) | 1.000 (0.99-1.00) | 1.000 (0.99-1.00) | 1.000 (0.99-1.00) | ||
Youth unemployment rate (2009/2010) | 1.024*** (1.01-1.04) | 1.024*** (1.01-1.04) | 1.024*** (1.01-1.04) | ||
Family benefits in 2009/2010 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 0.999 | ||
(0.99-1.00) | (0.99-1.00) | (0.99-1.00) | |||
relative change in family benefitsa (2005/2006-2009/2010) | 0.999* (0.98-0.99) | 1.001 (0.99-1.01) | 0.999* (0.98-0.99) | ||
Cross-level interactions | |||||
Family benefits in 2009/2010 x girls (Ref.: boys) | - | 1.001*** (1.00-1.01) | - | ||
relative change in family benefitsa (2005/2006-2009/2010) x girls (Ref.: boys) | - | 1.001* (1.00-1.02) | - | ||
Family benefits in 2009/2010 x high FAS (Ref.) | 1.000 | ||||
x medium FAS | - | 1.000 | |||
(0.99-1.01) | |||||
x low FAS | - | 1.000 | |||
(0.99-1.01) | |||||
relative change in family benefitsa (2005/2006-2009/2010) x high FAS (Ref.) | 1.000 | ||||
x medium FAS | - | 1.002** | |||
(1.00-1.01) | |||||
x low FAS | - | 1.004*** | |||
(1.00-1.01) | |||||
Constant | 0.261*** (0.23-0.30) | 0.136*** (0.12-0.16) | 0.136*** (0.12-0.15) | 0.136*** (0.12-0.15) | 0.136*** (0.12-0.15) |
ICC (country-level) | 0.0375 = 3.75 % | 0.0386 = 3.85 % | 0.0247 = 2.47 % | 0.0246 = 2,46 % | 0.0244 = 2.44 % |
N (Individuals) | 144,754 | 144,754 | 144,754 | 144,754 | 144,754 |
N (Countries) | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |