Table 4 Adjusted fitness and questionnaire outcomes (means and 95 % confidence intervals)

Push-ups

61

5.7

9.6

12.1

54

6.4

12.3

10.7

Time, p < .001, d = .81

(4.4, 7.1)

(7.6, 11.6)

(9.8, 14.4)

(4.9, 7.9)

(10.2, 14.4)

(8.2, 13.1)

Standing long jump (cm)

61

139.0

142.1

144.8

55

144.2

145.5

146.3

NS

(133.8, 144.1)

(136.2, 147.9)

(138.9, 150.7)

(139.8, 150.7)

(139.3, 151.80)

(140.1, 152.6)

Andersen test distance (m)

59

804.7

789.3

753.5

48

809.5

800.8

779.0

Time, p = .004, d = .30

(782.4, 827.0)

(768.1, 810.5)

(731.4, 775.7)

(784.6, 834.5)

(777.1, 824.5)

(754.2, 803.8)

Estimated peak VO₂ (ml/kg/min)

59

47.3

46.3

44.4

48

47.8

47.3

46.0

Time, p = .001, d = .18

(45.4, 49.1)

(44.5, 48.2)

(42.5, 46.2)

(45.7, 49.5)

(45.2, 49.1)

(43.9, 48.1)

Enjoyment

64

5.5

6.1

-

61

5.5

5.7

-

Time, p = .001, d = .38; T1 BTM > COM, p = .02, d = .56

(5.1, 5.8)

(5.9, 6.4)

(5.2, 5.9)

(5.4, 6.0)

Perceived exertion

62

2.0

3.0

-

57

2.3

3.9

-

Time, p < .001, d = 1.1

(1.5, 2.6)

(2.4, 3.6)

(1.7, 2.9)

(3.3, 4.5)

Perceived competence

64

5.9

6.2

-

61

5.7

5.9

-

Time, p = .012, d = .40

(5.7, 6.2)

(6.0, 6.4)

(5.5, 6.0)

(5.7, 6.1)