Table 1 General characteristics of surveyed caregivers and their children in rural Sichuan, China 2015 a
Baseline Survey (N = 214)d | End-line Survey (N = 205)e | P value (Baseline vs End-line) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Intervention | Control | P value | Total | Intervention | Control | P value | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||||
Relationship to the childb | 0.543 | 0.660 | 0.252 | ||||||
Mother | 79(36.92) | 36(33.03) | 43(40.95) | 83(40.49) | 46(44.23) | 37(36.63) | |||
Father | 17(7.94) | 9(8.26) | 8(7.62) | 26(12.68) | 13(12.5) | 13(12.87) | |||
Grandparents | 114(53.27) | 61(55.96) | 53(50.48) | 93(45.37) | 44(42.31) | 49(48.51) | |||
Others | 4(1.87) | 3(2.75) | 1(0.95) | 3(1.46) | 1(0.96) | 2(1.98) | |||
Main caregiver, yes | 183(85.51) | 93(85.32) | 90(85.71) | 0.935 | 161(78.54) | 76(73.08) | 85(84.16) | 0.053 | 0.063 |
Source of family income | |||||||||
Farming | 128(59.81) | 70(64.22) | 58(55.24) | 0.180 | 79(38.54) | 37(35.58) | 42(41.58) | 0.377 | <0.001 |
Work outside of hometown | 166(77.57) | 86(78.9) | 80(76.19) | 0.635 | 179(87.32) | 89(85.58) | 90(89.11) | 0.447 | 0.009 |
self-employed | 22(10.28) | 7(6.42) | 15(14.29) | 0.058 | 15(7.32) | 8(7.69) | 7(6.93) | 0.834 | 0.285 |
Others | 25(11.68) | 12(11.01) | 13(12.38) | 0.755 | 9(4.39) | 5(4.81) | 4(3.96) | 0.767 | 0.006 |
Education level | 0.999 | 0.566 | 0.171 | ||||||
Illiteracy | 21(9.81) | 11(10.09) | 10(9.52) | 30(14.63) | 18(17.31) | 12(11.88) | |||
Primary school | 96(44.86) | 49(44.95) | 47(44.76) | 97(47.32) | 46(44.23) | 51(50.50) | |||
Junior high school | 85(39.72) | 43(39.45) | 42(40) | 63(30.73) | 31(29.81) | 32(31.68) | |||
High School | 12(5.61) | 6(5.5) | 6(5.71) | 15(7.32) | 9(8.65) | 6(5.94) | |||
Ethnicityb | 0.491 | 1.000 | 0.428 | ||||||
Han | 213(99.53) | 109(100) | 104(99.05) | 202(98.54) | 102(98.08) | 100(99.01) | |||
Other ethnicity minority | 1(0.47) | 0(0) | 1(0.95) | 3(1.47) | 2(1.92) | 1(0.99) | |||
Family communication device | |||||||||
Mobile phone | 203(94.86) | 102(93.58) | 101(96.19) | 0.387 | 201(98.05) | 102(98.08) | 99(98.02) | 0.976 | 0.079 |
Fixed-line telephone | 39(18.22) | 18(16.51) | 21(20) | 0.509 | 33(16.1) | 13(12.5) | 20(19.8) | 0.155 | 0.564 |
Gender of children, boy | 116(54.21) | 54(49.54) | 62(59.05) | 0.163 | 116(56.59) | 55(52.88) | 61(60.4) | 0.278 | 0.624 |
Age of childrenc, month | 18.1(14.6-21) | 18.1(15.1-21.8) | 17.9(14.3-20.4) | 0.307 | 17.2(14.6-19.7) | 17.3(14.2-19.7) | 17.0(14.8-19.5) | 0.640 | 0.065 |
Gravidity | 0.724 | 0.969 | 0.794 | ||||||
1 | 97(45.75) | 52(48.6) | 45(42.86) | 87(44.39) | 48(48.98) | 39(39.8) | |||
2 | 88(41.51) | 42(39.25) | 46(43.81) | 77(39.29) | 37(37.76) | 40(40.82) | |||
> =3 | 27(12.74) | 13(12.15) | 14(13.33) | 32(16.33) | 13(13.27) | 19(19.39) | |||
Parity | 0.567 | 0.059 | 0.477 | ||||||
primipara | 98(45.79) | 52(47.71) | 46(43.81) | 101(49.27) | 58(55.77) | 43(42.57) | |||
pluripara | 116(54.21) | 57(52.29) | 59(56.19) | 104(50.73) | 46(44.23) | 58(57.43) | |||
Gestational age, wk | 0.111 | 0.397 | 0.072 | ||||||
Preterm | 34(16.50) | 12(11.54) | 22(21.57) | 18(19.57) | 11(22.92) | 7(15.91) | |||
Full term | 172(83.50) | 92(88.46) | 80(78.43) | 74(80.43) | 37(77.08) | 37(84.09) | |||
Deliver institutionb | 0.168 | 0.729 | 0.411 | ||||||
County or above hospital | 110(51.4) | 56(51.38) | 54(51.43) | 110(53.66) | 55(52.88) | 55(54.46) | |||
Township hospital | 91(42.52) | 43(39.45) | 48(45.71) | 78(38.05) | 40(38.46) | 38(37.62) | |||
Home | 4(1.87) | 4(3.67) | 0(0) | 2(0.98) | 2(1.92) | 0(0) | |||
Others | 9(4.21) | 6(5.5) | 3(2.86) | 15(7.32) | 7(6.73) | 8(7.92) | |||
Local rural hukou, yes | 187(87.38) | 99(90.83) | 88(83.81) | 0.122 | 189(92.2) | 93(89.42) | 96(95.05) | 0.133 | 0.105 |