Table 1 Demographic factors and clinical findings of underground copper miners from selected mines in Zambia
Characteristics | Mine 1 (n = 137) | Mine 2 (n = 99) | Mine 3 (n = 121) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at certificationa, years, (mean (SD)) (Range) | 30.8 (5.9) (19.6–49.1) | 31.9 (6.9) (21.2–54.2) | 31.3 (6.0) (19–52.2) |
Sex, n, (%) | |||
Male | 137 (100) | 99 (100) | 121 (100) |
Smoking, n, (%) b | |||
Non-smokers | 121 (88.3) | 76 (76.8) | 98 (81) |
Smokers | 14 (10.2) | 17 (17.2) | 20 (16.5) |
Unknown | 2 (1.5) | 6 (6.1) | 3 (2.5) |
Chest radiographs, n, (%) | |||
Normal | 117 (85.4) | 82 (82.8) | 98 (81) |
Abnormal (PTB) c | 12 (8.8) | 7 (7.1) | 14 (11.6) |
Abnormal (Non-PTB) d | 8 (5.8) | 10 (10.1) | 9 (7.4) |
AFB Positive n, (%) | 4 (33.3) | 5 (62.5) | 7 (50) |
ESR mm/h, mean, (SD) (Range) | 76.9 (31.0) (35–127) | 73.3 (25.2) (30–108) | 85.2 (22.1) (54–133) |