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Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by IGRA status

From: Tuberculosis progression rates in U.S. Immigrants following screening with interferon-gamma release assays

Characteristic

All subjects

IGRA-negative

IGRA-positive

p value

n (%)a

n (%)

n (%)

 

All

1152 (100)

639 (55)

513 (45)

 

Median age, years (IQR)

54 (39–64)

52 (21–64)

55 (45–65)

 

Mean age, years (SD)

49 (20)

45 (23)

53 (15)

<0.0001

Age by category, years, n (%)

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

<0.0001

 0–4

18 (1.6)

17 (2.7)

1 (0.2)

 

 5–12

87 (7.6)

81 (13)

6 (1.2)

 

 13–20

74 (6.4)

62 (9.7)

12 (2.3)

 

  ≥ 21

973 (84)

479 (75)

494 (96)

 

Gender

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

0.141

 Male

645 (56)

345 (54)

300 (58)

 

 Female

507 (44)

294 (46)

213 (42)

 

Country of origin

n = 1150

n = 638

n = 512

0.001

 China

586 (51)

302 (47)

284 (55)

 

 Philippines

386 (34)

245 (38)

141 (28)

 

 Vietnam

94 (8.2)

42 (6.6)

52 (10)

 

 Burma

18 (1.6)

11 (1.7)

7 (1.4)

 

 Other

66 (5.7)

38 (6.0)

28 (5.4)

 

HIV status

n = 799

n = 404

n = 395

<0.0001

 HIV-

797 (99.8)

402 (99.5)

395 (100)

 

 HIV+

2 (0.25)

2 (0.5)

0

 

Diabetes

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

0.09

 No

1090 (95)

611 (96)

479 (93)

 

 Yes

62 (5.4)

28 (4.4)

34 (6.6)

 

Smoking status

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

<0.0001

 Never

803 (70)

476 (74)

327 (64)

 

 Current or Former

349 (30)

163 (26)

186 (36)

 

TB Classification at immigration

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

0.0001

 B1-Pulmonary (TB suspect or prior TB)

561 (49)

276 (43)

285 (56)

 

 B2 (LTBI)

588 (51)

361 (56)

227 (44)

 

 B3 (Contact)

3 (0.26)

2 (0.31)

1 (0.19)

 

BCG

n = 490

n = 309

n = 181

0.004

 No evidence of BCG vaccination

114 (23)

59 (19)

55 (30)

 

 Evidence of BCG vaccination

376 (77)

250 (81)

126 (70)

 

Treatment statusb

n = 1152

n = 639

n = 513

<0.0001

 Inadequate or no TB treatment

498 (43)

433 (68)

65 (13)

 

 Overseas TB treatment prior to immigration

324 (28)

136 (21)

188 (37)

 

 LTBI treatment in U.S. after immigration

330 (29)

70 (11)

260 (51)

 

TST Result

n = 298

n = 230

n = 68

0.5

 Negative

70 (23)

56 (24)

14 (21)

 

 Positive

228 (77)

174 (76)

54 (79)

 

Immigration CXR Result

n = 1150

n = 637

n = 513

<0.0001

 Normal

269 (23)

216 (34)

53 (10)

 

 Abnormal

881(77)

421 (66)

460 (90)

 

Prevalent TB cases at enrollment

 Total

81/1233 (6.6)

27/666 (4.1)

54/567 (9.5)

0.0001

 Microbiologically confirmed

42/1233 (3.4)

8/666 (1.2)

34/567 (6.0)

<0.0001

  1. Abbreviations: IGRA interferon-gamma release assay, IQR interquartile range, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, TST tuberculin skin test, TB tuberculosis, CXR chest x-ray
  2. aTable numbers represent n (%) unless otherwise indicated
  3. bTreatment status reflects any TB treatment received up until the time of diagnosis with active TB disease: either overseas treatment for TB infection or disease prior to U.S. entry, or LTBI treatment received in the U.S. after immigration
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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