Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, calcium intake and load bearing-moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)

Age (mean, SD)

37 (±6.73)

37 (±7.41)

0.972*

Marital status^a

n = 280

n = 280

0.859**

 Married

181

183

 Single/Divorced/Widowed

99

97

Personal Income^b

n = 272

n = 276

0.001**

 <$3000

129

176

 $3000–$4999

97

71

 >$5000

46

29

Household income^c

n = 247

n = 256

0.083**

 <$3000

27

38

 $3000–$4999

61

82

 $5000–9999

119

104

 >$10,000

40

82

Education^d

n = 280

n = 279

0.004**

 Below tertiary

100

135

 Above tertiary

145

124

 Post-graduate

35

20

Religion^e

n = 274

n = 273

<0.005**

 No religion

70

55

 Christianity

98

64

 Buddhism

66

80

 Islam

16

42

 Others

24

32

Family history of osteoporosis^f

n = 277

n = 279

0.825**

 Yes

20

21

 No

236

233

 Don’t know

21

25

Average calcium intake (milligrams per day)

454.8 (±178.04)

462.1 (±202.2)

0.160*

Average duration of load-bearing MVPA^h (minutes per week)

59.2 (±94.4)

54.5 (±78.7)

0.194*

Participants meeting RDAⁱ (%)

5.47 (15 out of 274)

6.72 (17 out of 253)

0.550**

Load-bearing MVPA status

n = 272

n = 280

0.776**

 0 minutes

102 (35.5 %)

98 (32.9 %)

 Up to 30 min

42 (14.6 %)

46 (15.4 %)

 30–60 min

30 (10.5 %)

38 (12.8 %)

 60 min or more

98 (34.1 %)

98 (32.9 %)

 Missing

15 (5.2 %)

18 (6 %)