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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios relating CPA to diabetes, household population aged 18 years or older, Canada, 2012

From: Childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for diabetes: findings from a population-based survey of Canadian adults

 

Odds ratios controlling for socio-demographic factors:

 

and obesity

and smoking status

and physical activity level

and high blood pressure

and life-time depression

and diabetes risk factors

Odds (95 % CI)

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

Odds (95 % CI)

%∆

CPA severity and frequency

 Severe and frequent (>10 times) CPA

1.8* (1.3, 2.5)

1.7* (1.2, 2.4)

−13

1.7* (1.2, 2.4)

−11

1.8* (1.3, 2.6)

−2

1.7* (1.2, 2.3)

−17

1.8* (1.3, 2.5)

−4

1.4 (1.0, 2.1)

−41

 Severe CPA (<=10 times)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

 

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

 

1.3 (1.0, 1.7)

 

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

 

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

 

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

 

 CPA (excluding severe CPA)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

 

1.0 (0.7, 1.2)

 

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

 

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

 

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

 

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

 

 No CPA (reference)

             

Diabetes risk factors

Obesity - BMI category (range kg/m2)

             

 Underweight (less than 18.5)

 

0.6 (0.2, 2.5)

         

0.7 (0.2, 2.7)

 

 Normal weight (18.5 to 24.9) (reference)

             

 Overweight (25.0 to 29.9)

 

1.4* (1.0, 1.8)

         

1.3 (0.9, 1.7)

 

 Obese Class I (30.0 to 34.9)

 

2.5* (1.9, 3.2)

         

2.1* (1.5, 2.7)

 

 Obese Class II (35.0 to 39.9)

 

5.8* (4.2, 8.0)

         

4.2* (3.0, 5.8)

 

 Obese Class III (40.0 or more)

 

7.6* (5.3, 10.7)

         

5.1* (3.6, 7.3)

 

Smoking status

 Daily smoker

   

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

       

1.3 (1.0, 1.8)

 

 Former daily smoker

   

1.6* (1.4, 2.0)

       

1.5* (1.2, 1.8)

 

 Never a daily smoker (reference)

             

Physically active

     

0.7* (0.6, 0.8)

     

0.8* (0.7, 0.9)

 

High blood pressure

       

3.6* (2.9, 4.4)

   

2.8* (2.3, 3.5)

 

Lifetime history of depression

         

1.2 (0.9, 1.5)

 

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

 
  1. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health, 2012 (share file)
  2. CPA Childhood physical abuse, CI confidence interval
  3. %∆ percent change: Refers to the percent change in the standardized regression coefficient for child maltreatment variable resulting from the inclusion of mediating variables in the logistic regression model compared with the model only controlling for socio-demographic factors (only indicated if childhood maltreatment variable was significant in the socio-demographic model)
  4. The odds ratios are based on unstandardized regression coefficients. The socio-demographic controls include age, sex, marital status, education, household income, immigrant status, ethnicity, employment status, and place of residence
  5. *Significantly different from reference (p < 0.05)