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Table 8 ORs and 95 % CIs for adulthood marital status according to male caregiver’s SEP and mother’s marital status

From: The lifelong socioeconomic disadvantage of single-mother background - the Helsinki Birth Cohort study 1934–1944

 

Married

Divorced

Never married

Ever married

Never divorced

Ever divorced

 

Model 1

Model 2

 

Model 1

Model 2

Groups defined by mother’s marital status, the presence of male caregiver, and his occupation

 Married mother, male caregiver worker

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Unmarried mother, no indication of male caregivera

Ref.

.61 (.43–.86)

.63 (.44–.89)

Ref.

1.21 (.93–1.56)

1.19 (.91–1.55)

 Unmarried mother, male caregiver workerb

Ref.

.74 (.47–1.15)

.77 (.49–1.21)

Ref.

1.26 (.91–1.74)

1.22 (.88–1.69)

 Unmarried mother, male caregiver middle classc

Ref.

.75 (.41–1.35)

.76 (.42–1.37)

Ref.

1.12 (.73–1.73)

1.12 (.73–1.73)

 Married mother, male caregiver middle class

 

1.07 (.94–1.22)

1.06 (.92–1.22)

Ref.

.95 (.88–1.04)

.98 (.89–1.08)

Mother’s occupational status

 Mother worker

Ref.

 

Ref.

Ref.

  

 Mother middle class

Ref.

 

1.11 (.96–1.27)

Ref.

 

.89 (.81–.97)

  1. Marital status as recorded in the National Census at 5-year intervals between 1970 and 2000. All analyses were controlled for year of birth, sex, birth order, birth weight, mother’s age, length of gestation, evacuation abroad without parents during World War II, mother’s marital status (married/unmarried) and male caregiver’s highest attained occupational status during childhood (missing, worker or clerical)
  2. Model 1 adjusted for year of birth, sex, birth order, birth weight, mother’s age, length of gestation, evacuation abroad without parents during World War II, mother’s marital status (married/unmarried) and male caregiver’s highest attained occupational status during childhood (missing, worker or clerical)
  3. Model 2 adjusted as in model 1 + mother’s occupational status
  4. OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals
  5. aThe mothers (n = 303) who have no indication of a male caregiver at any time point
  6. b-cThe mothers (n = 334) who were unmarried at the time of childbirth but the family had a male caregiver later on, according to the child welfare clinic or school records